Fekih-Romdhane Feten, Harb Frederic, Al Banna Sana, Obeid Sahar, Hallit Souheil
The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", Razi Hospital, 2010, Manouba, Tunisia.
Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.
Hum Resour Health. 2025 Aug 28;23(1):48. doi: 10.1186/s12960-025-01012-4.
COVID-19 has been a substantial challenge for nurses globally, as they have gone through prolonged crisis times where they were continually under immense psychological pressure. Working in these conditions for months and years has resulted in an increase in the prevalence of job burnout among nurses. This systematic review was conducted to provide solid evidence on the prevalence of burnout and its related factors among nursing staff in different parts of the world after the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Several electronic databases were searched, between January 2020 and September 15, 2024, for relevant studies, namely MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, APA PsycINFO, Google Scholar, and EBSCOhost Research Platform. Multiple search keywords were defined for the search process. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the quality of each study included. Our main outcome was the prevalence of burnout in nurses during COVID-19. We subsequently analyzed our data by age (< 30 vs. ≥ 30 years), country income levels (defined based on the World Bank Classification for the 2023 fiscal year), and culture (Western vs. Non-Western). We used RevMan software, developed by Cochrane, to perform the statistical analysis. The outcomes were assessed using odds ratios (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) to ensure accurate and reliable estimates.
Data from the 19 studies and 11 countries indicated an overall burnout prevalence rate of 59.5% in the nurse population during COVID-19. In addition, analyses of 37 studies and 15,015 nurses revealed a pooled prevalence rate for emotional exhaustion of 36.1%. Analyses of 36 studies involving 14,864 nurses showed a pooled prevalence rate for depersonalization of 32.4%. Finally, data from 36 studies and 14,864 participants found a pooled prevalence rate for reduced personal accomplishment of 33.3%. Regarding subgroup analysis of total burnout by nurses' characteristics, our results demonstrated that nurses working in higher income countries reported significantly higher prevalence rates of burnout relative to those working in low- and lower-to-middle-income countries. Those working in a Western context exhibited significantly higher risk for overall burnout compared to those working in a non-Western context. Finally, comparisons across age groups noted significantly higher levels of burnout among nurses aged 30 years and above compared to those aged < 30 years.
This review urges nursing leaders' intervention, hospital administrators, and policymakers to minimize and prevent burnout among nurses, especially during crises times such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This review also encourages further research into efficient evidence-based interventions to support nurses and combat burnout in the nursing profession.
新冠疫情给全球护士带来了巨大挑战，因为他们经历了漫长的危机时期，持续承受着巨大的心理压力。在这种情况下工作数月甚至数年，导致护士职业倦怠的患病率上升。本系统综述旨在为新冠疫情发生后世界各地护理人员职业倦怠的患病率及其相关因素提供确凿证据。
在2020年1月至2024年9月15日期间，检索了多个电子数据库，包括MEDLINE、科学网、Embase、Scopus、ScienceDirect、ProQuest、美国心理学会心理学文摘数据库、谷歌学术和EBSCOhost研究平台，以查找相关研究。为检索过程定义了多个搜索关键词。使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表评估纳入的每项研究的质量。我们的主要结果是新冠疫情期间护士职业倦怠的患病率。随后，我们按年龄（<30岁与≥30岁）、国家收入水平（根据世界银行2023财年分类定义）和文化（西方与非西方）对数据进行了分析。我们使用Cochrane开发的RevMan软件进行统计分析。使用比值比（OR）及相应的95%置信区间（CI）评估结果，以确保估计准确可靠。
来自19项研究和11个国家的数据表明，新冠疫情期间护士群体的总体职业倦怠患病率为59.5%。此外，对37项研究和15015名护士的分析显示，情感耗竭的合并患病率为36.1%。对涉及14864名护士的36项研究的分析显示，去个性化的合并患病率为32.4%。最后，来自36项研究和14864名参与者的数据发现，个人成就感降低的合并患病率为33.3%。关于按护士特征对总体职业倦怠进行的亚组分析，我们的结果表明，与在低收入和中低收入国家工作的护士相比，在高收入国家工作的护士报告的职业倦怠患病率显著更高。与在非西方背景下工作的护士相比，在西方背景下工作的护士总体职业倦怠风险显著更高。最后，不同年龄组的比较表明，30岁及以上的护士比<30岁的护士职业倦怠水平显著更高。
本综述敦促护理领导者、医院管理人员和政策制定者进行干预，以尽量减少和预防护士的职业倦怠，尤其是在新冠疫情等危机时期。本综述还鼓励进一步研究有效的循证干预措施，以支持护士并应对护理行业的职业倦怠。
