Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
FASEB J. 2021 Apr;35(4):e21454. doi: 10.1096/fj.202001974RRR.
Milk contains about 4% fat globules with its surface covered by polar lipids. Despite the abundant consumption of dairy products, the biological effects of dietary milk polar lipids on metabolic health have only been sparsely examined. Maternal obesity results in neurodevelopmental disorders and cognitive impairment in offspring. Considering the importance of maternal nutrition, the effects of polar lipids-enriched milk fat globule membrane (MFGM-PL) supplementation to dams during pregnancy and lactation on neurodevelopment and its long-term programming effects on offspring cognition were examined. Female Sprague-Dawley rats consumed 8-week control diet (CON) or high-fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity before mating. Then, female rats were fed CON or HFD with or without the supplementation of 400 mg/kg body weight MFGM-PL during pregnancy and lactation. The offspring were fed 11-week HFD after weaning. MFGM-PL supplementation to obese dams suppressed body weight gain and hyperinsulinemia in both dams and offspring. Offspring born to obese dams displayed delayed neurological reflexes development, impaired neurogenesis before weaning, and cognitive impairment in adulthood, which were recovered by maternal MFGM-PL supplementation. Insulin resistance and aberrant brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling were induced in the hippocampus of neonatal and adult offspring due to maternal and progeny HFD, but recovered by maternal MFGM-PL administration. This study demonstrates that maternal MFGM-PL supplementation can promote neurodevelopment and exert long-term effects against HFD-induced cognitive impairment in offspring via alleviating hippocampal insulin resistance. Hence, MFGM-PL is a promising ingredient for exerting beneficial programming effects on the brain health of offspring.
牛奶中含有约 4%的脂肪球，其表面覆盖着极性脂质。尽管乳制品的消耗量很大，但饮食中极性脂质对代谢健康的生物学影响还很少被研究。母亲肥胖会导致后代神经发育障碍和认知障碍。考虑到母体营养的重要性，本研究检测了在妊娠和哺乳期给母体补充富含极性脂质的牛奶脂肪球膜（MFGM-PL）对神经发育的影响，及其对后代认知的长期编程作用。雌性 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠在交配前分别用 8 周对照饮食（CON）或高脂肪饮食（HFD）诱导肥胖。然后，雌性大鼠在妊娠和哺乳期分别用 CON 或 HFD 喂养，或用 400mg/kg 体重的 MFGM-PL 补充喂养。断奶后，后代用 11 周 HFD 喂养。MFGM-PL 补充给肥胖的母体抑制了母体和后代的体重增加和高胰岛素血症。肥胖母体所生的后代在神经反射发育上表现出延迟，在断奶前神经发生受损，在成年时认知受损，而母体 MFGM-PL 补充则恢复了这些缺陷。由于母体和后代的 HFD，新生和成年后代的海马中诱导了胰岛素抵抗和异常的脑源性神经营养因子信号，但母体 MFGM-PL 给药后得到了恢复。本研究表明，母体 MFGM-PL 补充可以促进神经发育，并通过减轻海马胰岛素抵抗，对后代 HFD 诱导的认知障碍产生长期影响。因此，MFGM-PL 是一种有前途的成分，可以对后代的大脑健康产生有益的编程作用。
