Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Nutrients. 2022 Jul 30;14(15):3150. doi: 10.3390/nu14153150.
Obesity is a main risk factor for the onset and the precipitation of many non-communicable diseases. This condition, which is associated with low-grade chronic systemic inflammation, is of main concern during pregnancy leading to very serious consequences for the new generations. In addition to the prominent role played by the adipose tissue, dysbiosis of the maternal gut may also sustain the obesity-related inflammatory milieu contributing to create an overall suboptimal intrauterine environment. Such a condition here generically defined as "inflamed womb" may hold long-term detrimental effects on fetal brain development, increasing the vulnerability to mental disorders. In this review, we will examine the hypothesis that maternal obesity-related gut dysbiosis and the associated inflammation might specifically target fetal brain microglia, the resident brain immune macrophages, altering neurodevelopmental trajectories in a sex-dependent fashion. We will also review some of the most promising nutritional strategies capable to prevent or counteract the effects of maternal obesity through the modulation of inflammation and oxidative stress or by targeting the maternal microbiota.
肥胖是许多非传染性疾病发生和加剧的主要风险因素。这种与低度慢性全身炎症相关的疾病在怀孕期间尤其令人关注，会给新生儿带来非常严重的后果。除了脂肪组织的突出作用外，母体肠道的微生态失调也可能维持肥胖相关的炎症环境，导致宫内环境整体不佳。这种通常被定义为“发炎子宫”的情况可能对胎儿大脑发育产生长期的不利影响，增加患精神障碍的风险。在这篇综述中，我们将探讨以下假说，即与母体肥胖相关的肠道菌群失调和相关炎症可能会特异性靶向胎儿大脑中的小神经胶质细胞，改变神经发育轨迹，且这种影响具有性别依赖性。我们还将回顾一些最有前途的营养策略，这些策略通过调节炎症和氧化应激，或通过靶向母体微生物群，来预防或抵消母体肥胖的影响。
