Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
Am J Transplant. 2021 Jul;21(7):2333-2340. doi: 10.1111/ajt.16568. Epub 2021 Apr 16.
With the introduction of high-throughput sequencing methods, our understanding of the human lower respiratory tract's inhabitants has expanded significantly in recent years. What is now termed the "lung microbiome" has been described for healthy patients, as well as people with chronic lung diseases and lung transplants. The lung microbiome of lung transplant recipients (LTRs) has proven to be unique compared with nontransplant patients, with characteristic findings associated with disease states, such as pneumonia, acute rejection, and graft failure. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the lung microbiome in LTRs, not only focusing on bacteria but also highlighting key findings of the viral and the fungal community. Based on our knowledge of the lung microbiome in LTRs, we propose multiple opportunities for clinical use of the microbiome to improve outcomes in this population.
近年来，随着高通量测序方法的引入，我们对人类下呼吸道居民的了解有了显著的扩展。现在被称为“肺部微生物组”的内容已经在健康患者、慢性肺部疾病患者和肺移植患者中得到了描述。与非移植患者相比，肺移植受者（LTRs）的肺部微生物组被证明是独特的，其特征性发现与疾病状态有关，如肺炎、急性排斥和移植物衰竭。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前对 LTRs 肺部微生物组的理解，不仅关注细菌，还强调病毒和真菌群落的关键发现。基于我们对 LTRs 肺部微生物组的了解，我们提出了多个利用微生物组改善该人群预后的临床应用机会。
