Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Department of Philosophy, Gwynedd Mercy University, Gwynedd Valley, PA, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2021 Mar 22;16(3):e0233628. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233628. eCollection 2021.
The sublime-the mixed aesthetic experience of uplift and elevation in response to a powerful or vast object that otherwise is experienced as menacing-has nurtured philosophical discourse for centuries. One of the major philosophical issues concerns whether the sublime is best thought of as a subjective response or as a stimulus. Recently, psychology has conceived of the sublime as an emotion, often referred to as awe, arising from natural or artistic stimuli that are great, rare, and/or vast. However, it has not yet been empirically demonstrated whether two major elicitors of the sublime-nature and art-differ in inducing this state. In order to experimentally compare nature and art, we exposed 50 participants to sublimity-inducing content in two different formats (nature-based and art-based) using 360° videos. We compared Vincent Van Gogh's The Starry Night with a photorealistic version of the actual place depicted in the painting, Saint-Rémy-de-Provence. We measured participants' emotional responses before and after each exposure, as well as the sense of presence. The nature-based format induced higher intensity emotional responses than the art-based format. This study compares different sublime stimuli (nature vs. art) for eliciting the sublime.
崇高——在面对强大或广阔的物体时，人们会产生一种既振奋又崇高的混合审美体验，这种体验原本是令人恐惧的——这种体验已经激发了几个世纪的哲学思考。主要的哲学问题之一是，崇高是最好被视为一种主观反应，还是一种刺激。最近，心理学将崇高视为一种情感，通常被称为敬畏，它源于自然或艺术刺激，这些刺激是伟大的、罕见的和/或广阔的。然而，尚未通过实证证明崇高的两个主要诱发因素——自然和艺术——在引起这种状态方面是否有所不同。为了在实验中比较自然和艺术，我们使用 360°视频，以两种不同的格式（基于自然和基于艺术）向 50 名参与者展示了崇高诱发内容。我们将文森特·梵高的《星夜》与画中描绘的实际地点——普罗旺斯的圣雷米的逼真版本进行了比较。我们在每次体验前后测量了参与者的情绪反应以及存在感。基于自然的格式比基于艺术的格式引起了更高强度的情绪反应。这项研究比较了不同的崇高刺激（自然与艺术）对崇高的诱发作用。
