Pennock J L, Pierce W S, Waldhausen J A
Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1977 Dec;145(6):917-27.
Many factors that contribute to the postextracorporeal pulmonary insufficiency have been recognized over the years that extracorporeal circulation has evolved. It is evident that more than one factor is the cause. For the present, a complex multifactoral problem appears to exist. Whether the unifying theory for this syndrome is related to abnormal organ perfusion, blood element destruction, microvascular phenomenon secondary to release of vasomotor substances or a combination of these remains to be determined. It is clear that all patients who undergo cardioplumonary bypass sustain some degree of pulmonary injury. Most lungs provide ample reserve, and adequate postoperative pulmonary care is sufficient to avoid morbidity related to the lungs. However, patients with severe forms of cardiopulmonary disease who require cardiopulmonary bypass require intraoperative pulmonary care as discussed herein to preserve maximum pulmonary function during the postoperative period.
多年来，随着体外循环技术的发展，人们已经认识到许多导致体外循环后肺功能不全的因素。显然，不止一个因素是其病因。目前，似乎存在一个复杂的多因素问题。该综合征的统一理论是否与器官灌注异常、血液成分破坏、血管活性物质释放继发的微血管现象或这些因素的组合有关，仍有待确定。显然，所有接受心肺转流术的患者都会受到一定程度的肺损伤。大多数肺有足够的储备能力，术后给予充分的肺部护理足以避免与肺部相关的发病情况。然而，患有严重心肺疾病且需要进行心肺转流术的患者，需要如本文所讨论的术中肺部护理，以在术后保持最大的肺功能。
