Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Institute of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland.
Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Mycology and Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.
J Appl Microbiol. 2021 Dec;131(6):2688-2704. doi: 10.1111/jam.15084. Epub 2021 Apr 13.
Fungal infections are still underappreciated and their prevalence is underestimated, which renders them a serious public health problem. Realistic discussions about their distribution, symptoms, and control can improve management and diagnosis and contribute to refinement of preventive actions using currently available tools. This article represents an overview of dermatophytes and endemic fungi that cause infections in humans and animals. In addition, the impact of climate change on the fungal spread is discussed. The endemic fungal infections characterized in this article include coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, lobomycosis, emergomycosis and sporotrichosis. Moreover the geographic distribution of these fungi, which are known to be climate sensitive and/or limited to endemic tropical and subtropical areas, is highlighted. In turn, dermatophytes cause superficial fungal infections of skin, hairs and nails, which are the most prevalent mycoses worldwide with a high economic burden. Therefore, the possibility of causing zoonoses and reverse zoonoses by dermatophytes is highly important. In conclusion, the article illustrates the current issues of the epidemiology and distribution of fungal diseases, emphasizing the lack of public programmes for prevention and control of these types of infection.
真菌感染仍未得到充分认识，其流行程度被低估，这使其成为一个严重的公共卫生问题。对其分布、症状和控制进行现实的讨论可以改善管理和诊断，并有助于利用现有工具完善预防措施。本文概述了引起人类和动物感染的皮肤癣菌和地方性真菌。此外，还讨论了气候变化对真菌传播的影响。本文所述的地方性真菌感染包括球孢子菌病、组织胞浆菌病、芽生菌病、利什曼原虫病、外瓶霉病和孢子丝菌病。此外，还强调了这些真菌的地理分布，这些真菌已知对气候敏感，或仅限于地方性热带和亚热带地区。相反，皮肤癣菌引起皮肤、毛发和指甲的浅表真菌感染，这是全球最常见的真菌病，具有很高的经济负担。因此，皮肤癣菌引起人畜共患病和反向人畜共患病的可能性非常重要。总之，本文说明了真菌病的流行病学和分布的当前问题，强调了缺乏针对这些类型感染的预防和控制的公共方案。
