García-Martín Joaquina María, Muro Antonio, Fernández-Soto Pedro
Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
J Fungi (Basel). 2024 Sep 6;10(9):637. doi: 10.3390/jof10090637.
Human endemic mycoses are potentially fatal diseases caused by a diverse group of fungi that can alter their morphology in response to an increase in temperature. These thermally dimorphic fungi affect both healthy and immunocompromised hosts, causing a substantial health and economic burden. Despite this, the diagnosis of endemic mycoses is still a formidable challenge for several reasons, including similar symptomatology, limited utility of classical diagnostic methods, inaccessibility to reliable molecular approaches in most endemic areas, and a lack of clinical suspicion out of these regions. This review summarizes essential knowledge on thermally dimorphic fungi and the life-threatening diseases they cause. The principle, advantages and limitations of the methods traditionally used for their diagnosis are also described, along with the application status and future directions for the development of alternative diagnostic strategies, which could help to reduce the disease burden in endemic areas.
人类地方性真菌病是由多种真菌引起的潜在致命疾病，这些真菌可随着温度升高而改变其形态。这些温度双相真菌会影响健康宿主和免疫功能低下的宿主，造成巨大的健康和经济负担。尽管如此，地方性真菌病的诊断仍然是一项艰巨的挑战，原因有几个，包括症状相似、传统诊断方法的效用有限、在大多数流行地区难以获得可靠的分子方法，以及在这些地区以外缺乏临床怀疑。本综述总结了关于温度双相真菌及其引起的危及生命疾病的基本知识。还描述了传统上用于其诊断的方法的原理、优点和局限性，以及替代诊断策略的应用现状和未来发展方向，这有助于减轻流行地区的疾病负担。
