Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries: Oceans and Coasts Research, Private Bag X4390, Cape Town, 8001, South Africa. Department of Biodiversity and Conservation, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, Cape Town, South Africa..
Zootaxa. 2020 Dec 22;4896(3):zootaxa.4896.3.4. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4896.3.4.
Sixteen species of Latrunculiidae Topsent, 1922, belonging to the genera Latrunculia du Bocage, 1869, Strongylodesma Lévi, 1969, Cyclacanthia Samaai Kelly, 2004, Samaai Kelly, 2002, are currently known from the temperate waters of South Africa. Extensive new sponge collections from the Amathole region of South Africa revealed the existence of three new species of Tsitsikamma, T. amatholensis sp. nov., T. madiba sp. nov., and T. beukesi sp. nov., and a new species of the endemic South African genus Cyclacanthia, C. rethahofmeyri sp. nov. With the recent addition of two new species of Tsitsikamma from Algoa Bay and Tsitsikamma National Park (T. michaeli Parker-Nance, 2019; T. nguni Parker-Nance, 2019) the total number of known South African Latrunculiidae is now 20 species in four genera. Here we propose two new subgenera of Tsitsikamma, Tsitsikamma Samaai Kelly, 2002 and Clavicaulis subgen. nov., based on the morphological groups "favus" and "pedunculata" hypothesized by Parker-Nance et al. (2019). Species in the nominotypical subgenus Tsitsikamma, containing the type species, are thick encrusting to hemispherical with a rigid honeycombed choanosome, while species in the new subgenus Clavicaulis subgen. nov. have a purse or sac-like morphology with little choanosomal structure. Despite the obvious species-level differences in morphology, multivariate analysis based on spicule measurements (anisostyle length, discorhabd length, shaft and whorl length) was not able to distinguish between the proposed Tsitsikamma species, but separated known species T. favus Samaai Kelly, 2002, T. pedunculata Samaai Kelly, 2003, and T. scurra Samaai Kelly, 2003, from each other. Similarly, DNA barcoding of the mitochondrial COI and the nuclear ITS of Tsitsikamma specimens failed to clearly differentiate between species, but was able to differentiate sister taxon relationships within the Latrunculiidae.
目前已知的 Latrunculiidae 科有 16 种，属于 Latrunculia du Bocage、1869 年的 Strongylodesma Lévi、1969 年的 Cyclacanthia Samaai Kelly、2004 年的 Samaai Kelly 和 2002 年的 Cyclacanthia Samaai Kelly 这四个属，这些物种都存在于南非的温带水域。对南非阿马托勒地区的广泛新海绵采集揭示了三种新的 Tsitsikamma 物种，即 T. amatholensis sp. nov.、T. madiba sp. nov. 和 T. beukesi sp. nov.，以及一种新的南非特有属 Cyclacanthia，即 C. rethahofmeyri sp. nov. 最近又在阿尔戈阿湾和 Tsitsikamma 国家公园增加了两种新的 Tsitsikamma 物种，即 T. michaeli Parker-Nance，2019 年和 T. nguni Parker-Nance，2019 年。南非 Latrunculiidae 科的已知物种总数现在为四个属中的 20 种。在这里，我们根据 Parker-Nance 等人（2019 年）假设的“favus”和“pedunculata”形态群，提出了 Tsitsikamma 的两个新亚属，即 Tsitsikamma Samaai Kelly，2002 和 Clavicaulis subgen. nov. 包含模式种的 Tsitsikamma 亚属的物种是厚的外生覆盖物，呈半球形，具有刚性的蜂巢状中胶层，而新的亚属 Clavicaulis subgen. nov. 的物种则具有囊状或袋状形态，中胶层结构很少。尽管在形态上存在明显的种间差异，但基于针骨测量（异形刺长度、盘刺长度、轴和轮长度）的多变量分析无法区分所提出的 Tsitsikamma 物种，但能够将已知的 T. favus Samaai Kelly，2002、T. pedunculata Samaai Kelly，2003 和 T. scurra Samaai Kelly，2003 彼此区分开来。同样，线粒体 COI 和核 ITS 的 DNA 条形码也未能清楚地区分 Tsitsikamma 物种，但能够区分 Latrunculiidae 科内的姊妹分类群关系。
