Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
UB Institute of Complex Systems, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Brain Connect. 2021 Dec;11(10):788-798. doi: 10.1089/brain.2020.0911. Epub 2021 Aug 23.
Neuroimaging studies of intellectual disability (ID) have been published over the last three decades, but the findings are often inconsistent, and therefore, the neural correlates of ID remain elusive. This article aims to study the different publications in task-functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and different ID populations to make a qualitative and quantitative analysis on this field. After duplicates were removed, only 10 studies matching our inclusion criteria were incorporated. Moreover, a quality assessment of the included studies was done. Qualitative results of the different articles were analyzed, separated by type of task and type of ID. Seed-based d mapping (SDM) software was used. The right temporal gyrus was more activated in control subjects than in ID. Concretely, the right temporal gyrus is implicated in many cognitive domains as semantic memory processing and language. Moreover, it can be highly influenced by the type of task used in every study. Heterogeneity was not detected. A jackknife sensitivity analysis was also estimated to improve the analysis reliability, and both results were confirmed. More task-fMRI studies on ID must be published to add larger samples to address the pathophysiological questions more directly. Impact statement In this article, the state-of-the-art in the field of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and intellectual disability (ID) is reviewed. Moreover, we perform a meta-analysis of every article's results to summarize the principal outcomes in the field. It is very relevant because it has become the first meta-analytic study to overcome all the principal studies published in fMRI and ID to find the principal neurological substrates while the subjects are performing a task.
神经影像学研究智力障碍（ID）在过去三十年中已经发表，但结果往往不一致，因此，ID 的神经相关性仍然难以捉摸。本文旨在研究任务功能磁共振成像（fMRI）和不同 ID 人群中的不同出版物，对该领域进行定性和定量分析。在去除重复项后，仅纳入了 10 项符合我们纳入标准的研究。此外，对纳入的研究进行了质量评估。分析了不同文章的定性结果，按任务类型和 ID 类型进行了区分。使用基于种子的 d 映射（SDM）软件。控制组比 ID 组更活跃于右侧颞叶。具体而言，右侧颞叶涉及许多认知领域，如语义记忆处理和语言。此外，它可能会受到每个研究中使用的任务类型的高度影响。未检测到异质性。还进行了刀切敏感性分析以提高分析的可靠性，并且两个结果都得到了确认。必须发表更多关于 ID 的任务 fMRI 研究，以增加更大的样本量，更直接地解决病理生理学问题。影响说明在本文中，回顾了功能磁共振成像（fMRI）和智力障碍（ID）领域的最新技术。此外，我们对每篇文章的结果进行了荟萃分析，以总结该领域的主要结果。这是非常相关的，因为它是第一个克服所有在 fMRI 和 ID 中发表的主要研究的荟萃分析研究，以在主体执行任务时找到主要的神经基础。
