Institute for Ethics and Society, University of Notre Dame Australia; St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
Institute for Nursing Science and Practice, Paracelsus Medical University, Austria.
J Pain Symptom Manage. 2021 Sep;62(3):e261-e278. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2021.03.013. Epub 2021 Mar 21.
Spirituality has been demonstrated to play an important role in healthcare, yet many staff feel ill-equipped to deliver spiritual care. Spiritual care training programs have been developed to address this need.
The aim of this mixed-methods systematic review was to identify spiritual care training programs for healthcare professionals or students, and to investigate program content, teaching methods, key outcomes, and identified challenges and facilitators.
A mixed-methods systematic review was conducted. The search terms ('religio*' OR 'spiritual*' OR 'existenti*') were combined with ('educat*' OR 'train*' OR 'curricul*' OR 'program*'), AND ('care' OR 'therap*' OR 'treatment' OR 'competenc*'). Search terms were entered into the following data bases: PsycINFO, Medline, Cinahl and Web of Science. Findings were restricted to peer-reviewed studies published in English between January 2010 and February 2020.
Fifty-five studies were identified. The quality of studies was mixed. Programs encompassed a range of content and teaching methods. Reported outcomes included increased levels of competency across intrapersonal spirituality, interpersonal spirituality, and spiritual assessment and interventions. Identified barriers included competing healthcare priorities, negative perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care, resistance towards focusing on one's own spirituality, staff feeling inadequate, and the need for ongoing training. Facilitators included opportunities for reflection, involvement of chaplains, application of practical tools, opportunities for practice, online training, and managerial support.
Positive outcomes following spiritual care training were identified. Further research is needed to identify patient-related outcomes of staff training, and to examine how the benefits of such training can be maintained over time.
灵性已被证明在医疗保健中起着重要作用，但许多医护人员觉得自己没有能力提供灵性关怀。为此，已经开发了一些灵性关怀培训计划。
本混合方法系统评价旨在确定针对医疗保健专业人员或学生的灵性关怀培训计划，并调查计划内容、教学方法、主要结果以及确定的挑战和促进因素。
进行了一项混合方法系统评价。搜索词（'religio*' 或'spiritual*' 或 'existenti*'）与（'educat*' 或 'train*' 或 'curricul*' 或 'program*'）以及（'care' 或 'therap*' 或 'treatment' 或 'competenc*'）相结合。搜索词被输入到以下数据库中：PsycINFO、Medline、Cinahl 和 Web of Science。研究结果仅限于 2010 年 1 月至 2020 年 2 月期间以英文发表的同行评审研究。
确定了 55 项研究。研究质量参差不齐。计划涵盖了一系列内容和教学方法。报告的结果包括个人内在灵性、人际灵性以及灵性评估和干预方面的能力水平提高。确定的障碍包括医疗保健重点的竞争、对灵性和灵性关怀的负面看法、对关注自己灵性的抵制、员工感到不足以及对持续培训的需求。促进因素包括反思的机会、牧师的参与、实用工具的应用、实践机会、在线培训和管理支持。
确定了灵性关怀培训后的积极结果。需要进一步研究以确定员工培训的患者相关结果，并研究如何随着时间的推移保持此类培训的益处。
