Cerino Eric S, Stawski Robert S, Settersten Richard A, Odden Michelle C, Hooker Karen
College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University.
Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University.
Int J Behav Dev. 2021 Mar 1;45(2):109-121. doi: 10.1177/0165025420937081. Epub 2020 Jul 7.
Negative affect (NA) and positive affect (PA) are established modifiable psychosocial correlates of cognitive health and have demonstrated capacity for meaningful within-person fluctuations based on person-environment interactions, age, and measurement approach. Previous research has shown NA is associated with increased response time inconsistency (RTI), an early performance-based indicator of cognitive health and aging. It is unclear, however, whether PA is associated with RTI, and whether affect-RTI associations exist within persons over time or change as individuals get older. We utilized data from a measurement burst study (Cognition, Health and Aging Project) to explore within- and between-person associations between affect and RTI in community-dwelling older adults (N=111, M=80.04 years, SD=6.30). Affect and RTI were assessed on six days over a two-week period, every six months for two years. Results revealed a significant association between NA-low arousal and RTI within persons over time. RTI was higher on sessions when NA-low arousal was higher than usual (=0.21, 95%CI=0.08 to 0.35, p<.01). This association decreased in magnitude over time (=-0.09, 95%CI=-0.14 to - 0.03, <.001), ultimately resulting in increased NA-low arousal being associated with decreased RTI two years later (=-.14, 95%CI=-0.27 to -0.01, <.05). No PA-RTI associations emerged. The results suggest efforts focused on maximizing resource allocation and personalizing cognitive health efforts should consider for whom and when mitigating NA may be maximally beneficial to daily cognition, whereas additional work is needed to determine influences from PA.
消极情绪（NA）和积极情绪（PA）是已确定的与认知健康相关的可改变心理社会因素，并且基于人与环境的相互作用、年龄和测量方法，已证明它们具有在个体内部产生有意义波动的能力。先前的研究表明，NA与反应时间不一致性（RTI）增加有关，RTI是基于表现的认知健康和衰老的早期指标。然而，尚不清楚PA是否与RTI有关，以及情绪与RTI之间的关联是否会随着时间在个体内部存在，或者是否会随着个体年龄增长而变化。我们利用了一项测量突发研究（认知、健康与衰老项目）的数据，以探讨社区居住的老年人（N = 111，M = 80.04岁，SD = 6.30）中情绪与RTI之间的个体内部和个体间关联。在为期两周的时间内，分六天对情绪和RTI进行评估，为期两年，每六个月评估一次。结果显示，随着时间推移，个体内部NA低唤醒与RTI之间存在显著关联。当NA低唤醒高于平时时，RTI在各时段更高（β = 0.21，95%置信区间 = 0.08至0.35，p <.01）。这种关联的强度随时间下降（β = -0.09，95%置信区间 = -0.14至 -0.03，p <.001），最终导致两年后NA低唤醒增加与RTI降低相关（β = -.14，95%置信区间 = -0.27至 -0.01，p <.05）。未出现PA与RTI的关联。结果表明，专注于最大化资源分配和使认知健康努力个性化的工作应考虑减轻NA对日常认知可能最有益的对象和时间，而需要更多工作来确定PA的影响。
