Hankin Benjamin L
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 2020 Aug 1;29(4):327-332. doi: 10.1177/0963721420920231. Epub 2020 Jun 2.
Depression is a prevalent, distressing, often recurrent, disorder. Adolescence represents a vulnerable developmental period when rates of depression surge and many experience their first episode. Some professional agencies now recommend universal screening starting at age 12. This paper advocates for a risk-based approach to screening for adolescent depression that can improve upon current approaches to screening and facilitate more seamless connections to enable personalizing prevention of depression based on risk group classification. Empirical examples are reviewed for screening based on established risk factors that predict later depression. Evidence is provided that risk groups can reliably and validly classify adolescents at risk for future development of depression based on cognitive and interpersonal vulnerabilities. These risk groups inform one approach to personalizing prevention of depression by matching youths' risk to established, evidence-based prevention programs (cognitive or interpersonal). Promising data from a randomized trial suggest that this personalized depression prevention strategy can reduce depression better than a "one size fits all" approach.
抑郁症是一种普遍存在、令人痛苦且常常复发的疾病。青少年时期是一个易受影响的发育阶段，此时抑郁症发病率激增，许多人经历首次发病。一些专业机构现在建议从12岁开始进行普遍筛查。本文提倡采用基于风险的方法来筛查青少年抑郁症，这种方法可以改进当前的筛查方法，并促进更无缝的联系，以便根据风险群体分类实现抑郁症预防的个性化。本文回顾了基于预测后期抑郁症的既定风险因素进行筛查的实证案例。有证据表明，风险群体可以根据认知和人际脆弱性，可靠且有效地对有未来患抑郁症风险的青少年进行分类。这些风险群体为通过将青少年的风险与既定的、基于证据的预防项目（认知或人际方面）相匹配来实现抑郁症预防个性化提供了一种方法。一项随机试验的有前景的数据表明，这种个性化的抑郁症预防策略比“一刀切”的方法能更好地减少抑郁症。
