Sanders Cynthia K, Scanlon Edward
School of Social Work, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID USA.
School of Social Welfare, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS USA.
J Hum Rights Soc Work. 2021;6(2):130-143. doi: 10.1007/s41134-020-00147-9. Epub 2021 Mar 19.
The role of technology and importance of access to high-speed broadband has become glaringly obvious during the COVID-19 pandemic. High-speed Internet is a tool people rely upon to conduct the daily business of their life and interact with each other, the economy, and government. However, millions of people in the USA still have no home access to high-speed Internet. Low-income, people of color, older, Native Americans, and rural residents in particular are on the wrong side of the digital divide. This structural reality perpetuates social, economic, and political disparities. Consistent with a social work human rights approach, the United Nations General Assembly declared access to the Internet a basic human right in 2016. This calls upon social workers to engage in advocacy efforts to advance policy and programs to alleviate the digital divide. In this article, we examine the digital divide in the USA and discuss why it is a social justice and human rights issue. We provide a policy context and recent examples of state or local policy initiatives to reduce the digital divide. Prominent among them is California's Internet for All Now Act. We also identify and share promising practices and advocacy tools being used in the field that provide guidance to community practitioners as they engage in work at state and local levels aimed at closing the digital divide.
在新冠疫情期间,技术的作用以及高速宽带接入的重要性已变得极为明显。高速互联网是人们赖以开展日常生活事务、相互交流、参与经济活动以及与政府互动的工具。然而,美国仍有数以百万计的人无法在家中接入高速互联网。特别是低收入人群、有色人种、老年人、美国原住民以及农村居民,他们处于数字鸿沟的不利一侧。这种结构性现实使社会、经济和政治差距长期存在。与社会工作的人权方法相一致,联合国大会于2016年宣布互联网接入是一项基本人权。这就要求社会工作者参与倡导工作,推动相关政策和项目,以缩小数字鸿沟。在本文中,我们审视了美国的数字鸿沟,并探讨为何它是一个社会正义和人权问题。我们提供了政策背景以及近期州或地方减少数字鸿沟的政策举措实例。其中突出的是加利福尼亚州的《立即全民上网法案》。我们还识别并分享了该领域正在使用的有前景的实践方法和倡导工具,为社区从业者在州和地方层面开展旨在弥合数字鸿沟的工作提供指导。