Effectiveness of music on anxiety and pain among cardiac surgery patients: A quantitative systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

AIM

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of music on anxiety and pain among patients following cardiac surgery.

BACKGROUND

Cardiac surgery affects patients physically, psychologically and socially. Anxiety and pain are the usual problems among patients following cardiac surgery.

DESIGN

The study design is a systematic review and meta-analysis.

DATA SOURCES

The Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Excerpta Medica database (EMBASE) and Web of Science databases were searched for randomized controlled trials from January 2000 to December 2017.

REVIEW METHODS

The Cochrane collaboration guidelines were followed and reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) approach was used to summarize the quality of evidence.

RESULTS

Fourteen studies were included in systematic review and 13 in meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed that there was a significant reduction in anxiety and pain among patients who received musical intervention compared with those who did not.

CONCLUSION

Music has positive benefits on anxiety and pain. However, well-designed and high-quality trials are needed to generate higher quality evidence.