Shah Gulzar H, Rochani Haresh D, Telfair Joseph, Ayangunna Elizabeth, Skuraton Gemma
Department of Health Policy and Community Health (Drs Shah, Telfair, and Skuraton and Ms Ayangunna), Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Environmental Health (Dr Rochani), and Office of Associate Dean for Practice and Research (Dr Telfair), Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia.
J Public Health Manag Pract. 2021;27(3):258-267. doi: 10.1097/PHH.0000000000001351.
The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether students in minority race categories are more likely to experience race-related bias and hatred in their lifetime and since the onset of COVID-19, after controlling the effect of demographic and other variables.
This quantitative study used primary data from the survey of 1249 college students at one of the universities in Georgia during April and May 2020. We performed multinomial logistic regression, computing 2 models for the 2 ordinal dependent variables concerning students' experience of race-related bias and hatred-(a) during their lifetime and (b) since the onset of COVID-19 in March 2020-both measured as "never," "rarely," "sometimes," and "fairly often or very often."
During their lifetime, 47.5% of students had experienced some level of bias or hatred, ranging from "rarely" to "very often." Since the onset of COVID-19 on March 2 in Georgia, in a short period of 1 to 2 months, 17.6% of students reported experiencing race-related bias or hatred. Univariate statistics revealed substantial differences in race-related bias and hatred by race, experienced during students' lifetime as well as since the onset of COVID-19. Results of multinomial logistic regression showed that the odds of having experienced bias or hatred during their lifetime were significantly higher (P < .05) for the Black students than for White students (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 75.8, for very often or often vs never; AOR = 42 for sometimes vs never). Compared with White students, the odds of hatred and bias were also significantly higher for students who were Asian, multiple races, or another non-White race. The odds of having experienced race-related bias and hatred since the onset of COVID-19 were also higher for Black Asian, multiple races, and other non-White students.
This study adds critical scientific evidence about variation in the perception of bias and hatred that should draw policy attention to race-related issues experienced by college students in the United States.
本研究的主要目的是在控制人口统计学和其他变量的影响后，调查少数族裔学生在其一生中以及自新冠疫情爆发以来是否更有可能经历与种族相关的偏见和仇恨。
这项定量研究使用了2020年4月至5月期间对佐治亚州一所大学的1249名大学生进行调查的原始数据。我们进行了多项逻辑回归分析，针对与学生种族相关偏见和仇恨经历有关的两个有序因变量计算了两个模型——（a）在其一生中，以及（b）自2020年3月新冠疫情爆发以来——两者均按“从未”“很少”“有时”“相当频繁或非常频繁”来衡量。
在其一生中，47.5%的学生经历过某种程度的偏见或仇恨，范围从“很少”到“非常频繁”。自3月2日佐治亚州爆发新冠疫情以来，在短短1至2个月的时间里，17.6%的学生报告经历过与种族相关的偏见或仇恨。单变量统计显示，学生在其一生中以及自新冠疫情爆发以来，按种族划分的与种族相关的偏见和仇恨存在显著差异。多项逻辑回归分析结果表明，黑人学生在其一生中经历偏见或仇恨的几率显著高于白人学生（P < .05）（调整后的优势比[AOR] = 75.8，非常频繁或频繁与从未相比；AOR = 42，有时与从未相比）。与白人学生相比，亚裔、多种族或其他非白人种族的学生经历仇恨和偏见的几率也显著更高。自新冠疫情爆发以来，黑人、亚裔、多种族和其他非白人学生经历与种族相关的偏见和仇恨的几率也更高。
本研究补充了有关偏见和仇恨认知差异的关键科学证据，这应促使政策关注美国大学生所经历的与种族相关的问题。
