Dörendahl Jan, Greiff Samuel, Niepel Christoph
Cognitive Science & Assessment, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
Front Psychol. 2021 Mar 8;12:562371. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.562371. eCollection 2021.
Psychometrically sound short scales are required to comprehensively and yet economically assess fundamental motives in research settings such as large-scale assessments. In order to provide such a time- and cost-efficient instrument, we conducted three studies ( = 1,568) to develop further and validate 16 German scales with three items each assessing fundamental motives [16 motives research scales (16mrs)]. In Study 1, we applied a top-down construction process to develop a preliminary item pool on the basis of a thorough revision of existing construct definitions. In Study 2, we chose an approach that allowed us to balance the optimization of psychometric properties with content coverage to select three-item scales for each of the 16 motives. For the item selection process, we combined exploratory factor analyses, confirmatory factor analyses, ant colony optimization algorithm, and Mokken scale analyses. In Study 3, we cross-validated the results obtained in Study 2 and placed the 16mrs in a nomological network consisting of Big Five traits and Power, Achievement, Affiliation, Intimacy, and Fear motives. The results of these studies indicate that the 16mrs can be used to reliably and validly assess fundamental motives that represent a level of personality that differs from the Big Five and covers motivational aspects beyond the well-established Power, Achievement, Affiliation, Intimacy, and Fear motives. Limitations concerning the reliability of the Autonomy scale and the empirical discrimination of the Dominance and Status scales are discussed. In addition to the validated German version, we also provide the English translation of the items, which, however, need to be validated before use.
在大规模评估等研究环境中，需要心理测量学上可靠的简短量表来全面且经济地评估基本动机。为了提供这样一种节省时间和成本的工具，我们进行了三项研究（N = 1568），以进一步开发并验证16个德语量表，每个量表有三个项目，用于评估基本动机[16个动机研究量表（16mrs）]。在研究1中，我们采用自上而下的构建过程，在对现有构念定义进行全面修订的基础上，开发一个初步的项目池。在研究2中，我们选择了一种方法，使我们能够在心理测量学特性的优化与内容覆盖之间取得平衡，为16种动机中的每一种选择三个项目的量表。对于项目选择过程，我们结合了探索性因素分析、验证性因素分析、蚁群优化算法和莫肯量表分析。在研究3中，我们对研究2中获得的结果进行了交叉验证，并将16mrs置于一个由大五人格特质以及权力、成就、归属、亲密和恐惧动机组成的法则网络中。这些研究结果表明，16mrs可用于可靠且有效地评估基本动机，这些动机代表了一种不同于大五人格的人格水平，并且涵盖了超越既定的权力、成就、归属、亲密和恐惧动机的动机方面。我们讨论了自主量表的可靠性以及支配和地位量表的实证区分方面的局限性。除了经过验证的德语版本外，我们还提供了项目的英文翻译，不过在使用前需要进行验证。
