Al-Mir Hiba, Osman Marwan, Drapeau Antoine, Hamze Monzer, Madec Jean-Yves, Haenni Marisa
Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement, Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon.
Université de Lyon - ANSES Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Lyon, France.
Front Microbiol. 2021 Mar 8;12:624194. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.624194. eCollection 2021.
Poultry and poultry meat are important contributors to the global antimicrobial burden. Unregulated and illegal use of extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) in this sector has long been identified as a major cause of massive spread of ESC-resistant , and colistin usage is considered a main driver of plasmid-mediated genes dissemination. In Lebanon, the first -positive found in poultry dates back to 2015, followed by a few reports of -positive in poultry, swine, humans, and the environment. On the contrary, a comprehensive picture of the population structure of -positive and -bearing plasmids carrying the gene using whole-genome analysis is largely lacking. This study reports the prevalence of -positive in poultry originating from 32 farms across three Lebanese governorates and slaughtered in the same place. We report 27/32 (84.4%) positive farms, leading to a total of 84 non-duplicate collected, of which 62 presented the gene. Numerous associated resistances were identified, including to ESC through the presence of or genes. The gene was mostly carried by IncX4 ( = 36) and IncI2 ( = 24) plasmids, which are both known for their efficient transfer capacities. A high genetic diversity was detected, arguing for the lack of contamination during the slaughter process. ST744 and ST1011 were the most widely identified clones, which have been both regularly associated to -carrying and to the poultry sector. The wide dissemination of colistin-resistance, coupled to resistances to ESC and numerous other molecules, should urge authorities to implement efficient guidelines for the use of antibiotics in the poultry sector in Lebanon.
家禽及禽肉是全球抗菌药物负担的重要成因。长期以来，该领域无节制和非法使用超广谱头孢菌素（ESC）一直被视为ESC耐药性大规模传播的主要原因，而粘菌素的使用被认为是质粒介导的mcr基因传播的主要驱动因素。在黎巴嫩，2015年首次在家禽中发现mcr阳性，随后有一些关于家禽、猪、人类和环境中mcr阳性的报告。相反，利用全基因组分析对携带mcr基因的mcr阳性菌株和质粒的群体结构进行全面了解的情况在很大程度上尚付阙如。本研究报告了来自黎巴嫩三个省份32个农场并在同一地点屠宰的家禽中mcr阳性的流行情况。我们报告了27/32（84.4%）个mcr阳性农场，共收集到84株非重复菌株，其中62株携带mcr基因。鉴定出了许多相关耐药性，包括通过存在blaCTX-M或blaTEM基因而对ESC耐药。mcr基因大多由IncX4（n = 36）和IncI2（n = 24）质粒携带，这两种质粒均以其高效转移能力而闻名。检测到高度的遗传多样性，这表明在屠宰过程中不存在污染情况。ST744和ST1011是最广泛鉴定出的克隆，它们都经常与携带mcr的菌株以及家禽行业相关。粘菌素耐药性的广泛传播，再加上对ESC和许多其他分子的耐药性，应促使当局在黎巴嫩家禽行业实施有效的抗生素使用指南。
