Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.
Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.
Front Immunol. 2021 Mar 8;12:620510. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.620510. eCollection 2021.
Tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs) are heterogeneous populations originating either from monocytes or embryonic progenitors, and distribute in lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues. TRMs play diverse roles in many physiological processes, including metabolic function, clearance of cellular debris, and tissue remodeling and defense. Macrophages can be polarized to different functional phenotypes depending on their origin and tissue microenvironment. Specific macrophage subpopulations are associated with disease progression. In studies of fate-mapping and single-cell RNA sequencing methodologies, several critical molecules have been identified to induce the change of macrophage function. These molecules are potential markers for diagnosis and selective targets for novel macrophage-mediated treatment. In this review, we discuss some of the recent findings regarding less-known molecules and new functions of well-known molecules. Understanding the mechanisms of these molecules in macrophages has the potential to yield new macrophage-mediated treatments or diagnostic approaches to disease.
组织驻留巨噬细胞（TRMs）是异质性群体，来源于单核细胞或胚胎祖细胞，并分布在淋巴和非淋巴组织中。TRMs 在许多生理过程中发挥着多样化的作用，包括代谢功能、清除细胞碎片以及组织重塑和防御。巨噬细胞可以根据其来源和组织微环境而极化到不同的功能表型。特定的巨噬细胞亚群与疾病进展有关。在命运映射和单细胞 RNA 测序方法的研究中，已经确定了几个关键分子来诱导巨噬细胞功能的变化。这些分子是诊断的潜在标志物和新型巨噬细胞介导治疗的选择性靶点。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了一些关于鲜为人知的分子和知名分子的新功能的最新发现。了解这些分子在巨噬细胞中的作用机制有可能产生新的巨噬细胞介导的治疗方法或疾病的诊断方法。
