二倍体和多倍体肝细胞在急性和慢性肝损伤中的差异作用。
Differential Roles for Diploid and Polyploid Hepatocytes in Acute and Chronic Liver Injury.
机构信息
Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
Department of Pathology, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
出版信息
Semin Liver Dis. 2021 Jan;41(1):42-49. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1719175. Epub 2020 Dec 14.
Hepatocytes are the primary functional cells of the liver that perform essential roles in homeostasis, regeneration, and injury. Most mammalian somatic cells are diploid and contain pairs of each chromosome, but there are also polyploid cells containing additional sets of chromosomes. Hepatocytes are among the best described polyploid cells, with polyploids comprising more than 25 and 90% of the hepatocyte population in humans and mice, respectively. Cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate hepatic polyploidy have been uncovered, and in recent years, diploid and polyploid hepatocytes have been shown to perform specialized functions. Diploid hepatocytes accelerate liver regeneration induced by resection and may accelerate compensatory regeneration after acute injury. Polyploid hepatocytes protect the liver from tumor initiation in hepatocellular carcinoma and promote adaptation to tyrosinemia-induced chronic injury. This review describes how ploidy variations influence cellular activity and presents a model for context-specific functions for diploid and polyploid hepatocytes.
肝细胞是肝脏的主要功能细胞，在维持内环境稳定、再生和损伤修复中发挥着重要作用。大多数哺乳动物体细胞是二倍体，含有每对染色体的一对，但也有含有额外染色体组的多倍体细胞。肝细胞是最具代表性的多倍体细胞之一，人类和小鼠的多倍体细胞分别占肝细胞总数的 25%以上和 90%。已经揭示了调节肝多倍体形成的细胞和分子机制，近年来，二倍体和多倍体肝细胞已被证明具有专门的功能。二倍体肝细胞可加速肝切除诱导的肝再生，并可能加速急性损伤后的代偿性再生。多倍体细胞可保护肝脏免受肝癌起始，促进对酪氨酸血症诱导的慢性损伤的适应。本综述描述了倍性变化如何影响细胞活性，并提出了一个针对二倍体和多倍体肝细胞的特定功能模型。
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