Wang Nan, Hao Fengjie, Shi Yan, Wang Junqing
Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
Onco Targets Ther. 2021 Nov 27;14:5335-5344. doi: 10.2147/OTT.S340435. eCollection 2021.
Polyploidy, a physiological phenomenon in which cells contain more than two sets of homologous chromosomes, commonly exists in plants, fish, and amphibians but is rare in mammals. In humans, polyploid cells are detected commonly in specific organs or tissues including the heart, marrow, and liver. As the largest solid organ in the body, the liver is responsible for a myriad of functions, most of which are closely related to polyploid hepatocytes. It has been confirmed that polyploid hepatocytes are related to liver regeneration, homeostasis, terminal differentiation, and aging. Polyploid hepatocytes accumulate during the aging process as well as in chronically injured livers. The relationship between polyploid hepatocytes and hepatocellular carcinoma, the endpoint of most chronic liver diseases, is not yet fully understood. Recently, accumulated evidence has revealed that polyploid involves in the process of tumorigenesis and development. The study of the correlation and relationship between polyploidy hepatocytes and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma can potentially promote the prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. In this review, we conclude the potential mechanisms of polyploid hepatocytes formation, focusing on the specific biological significance of polyploid hepatocytes. In addition, we examine recent discoveries that have begun to clarify the relevance between polyploid hepatocytes and hepatocellular carcinoma and discuss recent excellent findings that reveal the role of polyploid hepatocytes as resisters of hepatocellular carcinoma or as promoters of hepatocarcinogenesis.
多倍体是一种细胞含有两套以上同源染色体的生理现象，常见于植物、鱼类和两栖动物中，但在哺乳动物中较为罕见。在人类中，多倍体细胞常见于包括心脏、骨髓和肝脏在内的特定器官或组织中。作为人体最大的实体器官，肝脏负责多种功能，其中大多数功能都与多倍体肝细胞密切相关。已经证实，多倍体肝细胞与肝脏再生、稳态、终末分化和衰老有关。多倍体肝细胞在衰老过程以及慢性损伤的肝脏中都会积累。多倍体肝细胞与大多数慢性肝病的终点——肝细胞癌之间的关系尚未完全明确。最近，越来越多的证据表明多倍体参与肿瘤发生和发展过程。研究多倍体肝细胞与肝细胞癌发生发展之间的相关性和关系，可能会促进肝细胞癌的预防、早期诊断和治疗。在这篇综述中，我们总结了多倍体肝细胞形成的潜在机制，重点关注多倍体肝细胞的特定生物学意义。此外，我们研究了最近的发现，这些发现开始阐明多倍体肝细胞与肝细胞癌之间的相关性，并讨论了最近的优秀研究结果，这些结果揭示了多倍体肝细胞作为肝细胞癌抵抗者或肝癌发生促进者的作用。
