Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Sharon St. Bendigo, Victoria 3550, Australia.
Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston St, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2021 Sep 8;45(5). doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuab017.
Some cancer treatment failures have been attributed to the tumour microbiota, with implications that microbiota manipulation may improve treatment efficacy. While antibiotics have been used to control bacterial growth, their dysbiotic effects on the microbiome, failure to penetrate biofilms and decreased efficacy due to increasing antimicrobial resistance by bacteria, suggest alternatives are needed. Bacteriophages may provide a precise means for targeting oncobacteria whose relative abundance is increased in tumour tissue microbiomes. Fusobacterium, Streptococcus, Peptostreptococcus, Prevotella, Parvimonas, and Treponema species are prevalent in tumour tissue microbiomes of some cancers. They may promote cancer growth by dampening immunity, stimulating release of proinflammatory cytokines, and directly interacting with cancer cells to stimulate proliferation. Lytic bacteriophages against some of these oncobacteria have been isolated and characterised. The search continues for others. The possibility exists for their testing as adjuncts to complement existing therapies. In this review, we highlight the role of oncobacteria, specifically those whose relative abundance in the intra-tumour microbiome is increased, and discuss the potential for bacteriophages against these micro-organisms to augment existing cancer therapies. The capacity for bacteriophages to modulate immunity and kill specific bacteria makes them suitable candidates to manipulate the tumour microbiome and negate the effects of these oncobacteria.
一些癌症治疗的失败归因于肿瘤微生物群，这意味着微生物群的操纵可能会提高治疗效果。虽然抗生素被用于控制细菌生长，但它们对微生物群的生态失调作用、无法穿透生物膜以及由于细菌对抗菌药物的耐药性增加而导致的疗效降低，表明需要替代品。噬菌体可能为靶向肿瘤菌提供一种精确的手段，肿瘤菌在肿瘤组织微生物群中的相对丰度增加。梭杆菌属、链球菌属、消化链球菌属、普雷沃氏菌属、卟啉单胞菌属和密螺旋体属在一些癌症的肿瘤组织微生物群中很常见。它们可能通过抑制免疫、刺激促炎细胞因子释放以及直接与癌细胞相互作用刺激增殖来促进癌症生长。针对其中一些致肿瘤菌的裂解噬菌体已经被分离和鉴定。其他噬菌体仍在被不断寻找中。它们有可能作为现有治疗方法的辅助手段进行测试。在这篇综述中，我们强调了致肿瘤菌的作用，特别是那些在肿瘤内微生物群中相对丰度增加的菌，讨论了针对这些微生物的噬菌体作为增强现有癌症治疗方法的潜力。噬菌体能够调节免疫和杀死特定细菌的能力使它们成为操纵肿瘤微生物群并消除这些致肿瘤菌影响的合适候选者。
