Active Ribosome Profiling with RiboLace: From Bench to Data Analysis.

Ribosome profiling is based on the deep sequencing of RNA fragments protected by ribosomes from nuclease digestion. This technique has been extensively used to study translation, with the unique ability to provide information about ribosomes positioning along transcripts at single-nucleotide resolution. Classical ribosome profiling approaches do not distinguish between fragments protected by either actively translating or inactive ribosomes. Here we describe an original method, called active ribosome profiling or RiboLace, which is based on a unique puromycin-containing molecule capable of isolating active ribosomes by means of an antibody-free and tag-free pull-down approach. This method allows reliable estimates of the translational state of any biological system, in high concordance with protein levels. RiboLace can be applied both in vitro and in vivo and generates snapshots of active ribosome footprints at single-nucleotide resolution and genome-wide level. RiboLace data are suitable for the analysis of translated genes, codon-specific translation rates, and local changes in ribosome occupancy profiles.