Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt; Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt.
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Jul;35(4):101522. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2021.101522. Epub 2021 Mar 15.
Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) is an important cellular component of the skeleton. Understanding how it is regulated by the nervous system is crucial to the study of bone and bone marrow related diseases. BMAT is innervated by sympathetic and sensory axons in bone and fluctuations in local nerve density and function may contribute to its distinct physiologic adaptations at various skeletal sites. BMAT is directly responsive to adrenergic signals. In addition, neural regulation of surrounding cells may modify BMAT-specific responses, providing many potential avenues for both direct and indirect neural regulation of BMAT metabolism. Lastly, BMAT and peripheral adipose tissues share the same autonomic pathways across the central neuraxis and regulation of BMAT may occur in diverse clinical settings of neurologic and metabolic disease. This review will highlight what is known and unknown about the neural regulation of BMAT and discuss opportunities for future research in the field.
骨髓脂肪组织（BMAT）是骨骼的重要细胞成分。了解其如何受神经系统调控对于骨骼和骨髓相关疾病的研究至关重要。BMAT 由骨骼中的交感和感觉轴突支配，局部神经密度和功能的波动可能有助于其在不同骨骼部位的独特生理适应。BMAT 对肾上腺素信号直接响应。此外，周围细胞的神经调节可能改变 BMAT 的特异性反应，为 BMAT 代谢的直接和间接神经调节提供许多潜在途径。最后，BMAT 和外周脂肪组织在中枢神经系统中共享相同的自主神经通路，BMAT 的调节可能发生在神经和代谢疾病的多种临床环境中。本综述将重点介绍关于 BMAT 神经调节的已知和未知内容，并讨论该领域未来研究的机会。
