Institute of Geosciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
Sci Rep. 2021 Mar 25;11(1):6938. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-85444-7.
Understanding the dynamics between the East Asian summer (EASM) and winter monsoon (EAWM) is needed to predict their variability under future global warming scenarios. Here, we investigate the relationship between EASM and EAWM as well as the mechanisms driving their variability during the last 10,000 years by stacking marine and terrestrial (non-speleothem) proxy records from the East Asian realm. This provides a regional and proxy independent signal for both monsoonal systems. The respective signal was subsequently analysed using a linear regression model. We find that the phase relationship between EASM and EAWM is not time-constant and significantly depends on orbital configuration changes. In addition, changes in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning circulation, Arctic sea-ice coverage, El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Sun Spot numbers contributed to millennial scale changes in the EASM and EAWM during the Holocene. We also argue that the bulk signal of monsoonal activity captured by the stacked non-speleothem proxy records supports the previously argued bias of speleothem climatic archives to moisture source changes and/or seasonality.
了解东亚夏季风和冬季风（EAWM）之间的动态关系，对于预测未来全球变暖情景下它们的变化是必要的。在这里，我们通过堆积东亚地区的海洋和陆地（非石笋）代理记录来研究过去 10000 年来 EASM 和 EAWM 之间的关系以及驱动它们变化的机制。这为两个季风系统提供了一个区域和代理独立的信号。随后使用线性回归模型分析了各自的信号。我们发现，EASM 和 EAWM 之间的相位关系不是恒定的，并且显著取决于轨道配置变化。此外，大西洋经向翻转环流、北极海冰覆盖、厄尔尼诺-南方涛动和太阳黑子数的变化导致了全新世期间 EASM 和 EAWM 在千年尺度上的变化。我们还认为，堆积非石笋代理记录所捕获的季风活动的总体信号支持了以前关于石笋气候档案对水汽源变化和/或季节性的偏见的论点。
