La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Nat Immunol. 2021 Apr;22(4):485-496. doi: 10.1038/s41590-021-00896-3. Epub 2021 Mar 25.
Evasion of host immunity is a hallmark of cancer; however, mechanisms linking oncogenic mutations and immune escape are incompletely understood. Through loss-of-function screening of 1,001 tumor suppressor genes, we identified death-associated protein kinase 3 (DAPK3) as a previously unrecognized driver of anti-tumor immunity through the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway of cytosolic DNA sensing. Loss of DAPK3 expression or kinase activity impaired STING activation and interferon (IFN)-β-stimulated gene induction. DAPK3 deficiency in IFN-β-producing tumors drove rapid growth and reduced infiltration of CD103CD8α dendritic cells and cytotoxic lymphocytes, attenuating the response to cancer chemo-immunotherapy. Mechanistically, DAPK3 coordinated post-translational modification of STING. In unstimulated cells, DAPK3 inhibited STING K48-linked poly-ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation. After cGAMP stimulation, DAPK3 was required for STING K63-linked poly-ubiquitination and STING-TANK-binding kinase 1 interaction. Comprehensive phospho-proteomics uncovered a DAPK3-specific phospho-site on the E3 ligase LMO7, critical for LMO7-STING interaction and STING K63-linked poly-ubiquitination. Thus, DAPK3 is an essential kinase for STING activation that drives tumor-intrinsic innate immunity and tumor immune surveillance.
逃避宿主免疫是癌症的一个标志;然而,将致癌突变与免疫逃避联系起来的机制尚不完全清楚。通过对 1001 个肿瘤抑制基因的功能丧失筛选,我们发现凋亡相关蛋白激酶 3(DAPK3)通过细胞质 DNA 感应的干扰素基因刺激物(STING)途径,是一种以前未被识别的抗肿瘤免疫驱动因子。DAPK3 表达或激酶活性的丧失会损害 STING 的激活和干扰素(IFN)-β刺激基因的诱导。IFN-β 产生肿瘤中的 DAPK3 缺失驱动了快速生长和 CD103CD8α 树突状细胞和细胞毒性淋巴细胞浸润的减少,从而减弱了对癌症化疗免疫治疗的反应。在机制上,DAPK3 协调了 STING 的翻译后修饰。在未受刺激的细胞中,DAPK3 抑制 STING K48 连接的多泛素化和蛋白酶体介导的降解。在 cGAMP 刺激后,DAPK3 是 STING K63 连接的多泛素化和 STING-TANK 结合激酶 1 相互作用所必需的。全面的磷酸蛋白质组学揭示了 E3 连接酶 LMO7 上 DAPK3 特异性的磷酸化位点,该位点对于 LMO7-STING 相互作用和 STING K63 连接的多泛素化至关重要。因此,DAPK3 是 STING 激活所必需的激酶,它驱动肿瘤内在的先天免疫和肿瘤免疫监视。