Neov Boyko, Spassov Nikolai, Hristova Latinka, Hristov Peter, Radoslavov Georgi
Department of Animal Diversity and Resources Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria.
Palaeontology and Mineralogy Department National Museum of Natural History Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria.
Ecol Evol. 2021 Feb 10;11(6):2842-2848. doi: 10.1002/ece3.7241. eCollection 2021 Mar.
The origin and evolutionary history of the European bison (wisent) have become clearer after several morphological, genomic, and paleogenomic studies in the last few years, but these paleogenomic studies have raised new questions about the evolution of the species. Here, we present additional information about the population diversity of the species based on the analysis of new subfossil Holocene remains from the Balkan Peninsula. Seven ancient samples excavated from caves in Western Stara Planina in Bulgaria were investigated by mitochondrial D-loop (HVR1) sequence analysis. The samples were dated to 3,800 years BP by radiocarbon analysis. Additionally, a phylogenetic analysis was performed to investigate the genetic relationship among the investigated samples and all mitochondrial DNA sequences from the genus Bison available in GenBank. The results clustered with the sequences from the extinct Holocene South-Eastern (Balkan) wisent to the fossil Alpine population from France, Austria, and Switzerland, but not with those from the recent Central European (North Sea) one and the now extinct Caucasian population. In conclusion, these data indicate that the Balkan wisent that existed in historical time represented a relict and probably an isolated population of the Late Pleistocene-Holocene South-Western mountainous population of the wisent.
在过去几年进行了多项形态学、基因组学和古基因组学研究之后，欧洲野牛（wisent）的起源和进化史已变得更加清晰，但这些古基因组学研究也引发了有关该物种进化的新问题。在此，我们基于对巴尔干半岛全新世亚化石遗迹的分析，呈现有关该物种种群多样性的更多信息。通过线粒体D环（HVR1）序列分析，对从保加利亚西部旧山山脉洞穴中挖掘出的七个古代样本进行了研究。通过放射性碳分析，这些样本的年代测定为距今3800年。此外，还进行了系统发育分析，以研究被调查样本与GenBank中所有可用的野牛属线粒体DNA序列之间的遗传关系。结果显示，这些序列与已灭绝的全新世东南（巴尔干）欧洲野牛以及来自法国、奥地利和瑞士的化石阿尔卑斯种群的序列聚类，但与近代中欧（北海）种群和现已灭绝的高加索种群的序列不同。总之，这些数据表明，历史时期存在的巴尔干欧洲野牛代表了晚更新世 - 全新世西南山区欧洲野牛的一个残遗且可能孤立的种群。
