Wecek Karolina, Hartmann Stefanie, Paijmans Johanna L A, Taron Ulrike, Xenikoudakis Georgios, Cahill James A, Heintzman Peter D, Shapiro Beth, Baryshnikov Gennady, Bunevich Aleksei N, Crees Jennifer J, Dobosz Roland, Manaserian Ninna, Okarma Henryk, Tokarska Malgorzata, Turvey Samuel T, Wójcik Jan M, Zyla Waldemar, Szymura Jacek M, Hofreiter Michael, Barlow Axel
Department of Comparative Anatomy, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
Mol Biol Evol. 2017 Mar 1;34(3):598-612. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msw254.
Retracing complex population processes that precede extreme bottlenecks may be impossible using data from living individuals. The wisent (Bison bonasus), Europe's largest terrestrial mammal, exemplifies such a population history, having gone extinct in the wild but subsequently restored by captive breeding efforts. Using low coverage genomic data from modern and historical individuals, we investigate population processes occurring before and after this extinction. Analysis of aligned genomes supports the division of wisent into two previously recognized subspecies, but almost half of the genomic alignment contradicts this population history as a result of incomplete lineage sorting and admixture. Admixture between subspecies populations occurred prior to extinction and subsequently during the captive breeding program. Admixture with the Bos cattle lineage is also widespread but results from ancient events rather than recent hybridization with domestics. Our study demonstrates the huge potential of historical genomes for both studying evolutionary histories and for guiding conservation strategies.
利用现存个体的数据来追溯极端瓶颈事件之前复杂的种群过程可能是不可能的。欧洲最大的陆生哺乳动物欧洲野牛（Bison bonasus）就是这样一个种群历史的例证，它在野外灭绝，但随后通过圈养繁殖努力得以恢复。我们使用来自现代和历史个体的低覆盖度基因组数据，研究了这次灭绝前后发生的种群过程。比对基因组的分析支持将欧洲野牛划分为两个先前已被认可的亚种，但由于不完全谱系分选和混合，几乎一半的基因组比对结果与这种种群历史相矛盾。亚种种群之间的混合在灭绝之前就已发生，随后在圈养繁殖计划期间也有发生。与家牛谱系的混合也很普遍，但这是古代事件的结果，而非近期与家养动物杂交所致。我们的研究证明了历史基因组在研究进化历史和指导保护策略方面的巨大潜力。
