Bordes Stephen J, Iwanaga Joe, Zarrintan Sina, Watanabe Koichi, Tubbs R Shane
Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University School of Medicine, St. George's, GRD.
Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA.
Cureus. 2021 Feb 19;13(2):e13448. doi: 10.7759/cureus.13448.
The vertebral arteries arise from the posterior superior aspect of the bilateral subclavian arteries and course superiorly through the transverse foramina of C1-C6 vertebrae before joining one another along the anterior surface of the pons. Developmental variations during the fourth to sixth weeks of embryonic development may result in the formation of accessory vertebral arteries, i.e., ipsilateral vertebral arteries of dual origin. This anatomical variation is distinct from and often confused with vertebral artery duplications and fenestrations. This article reviews the anatomy and embryology of the accessory vertebral artery with excerpts from Buntaro Adachi's classic text on vascular anatomical variations. Knowledge of accessory vertebral vessels is important during vascular and spinal procedures of the head and neck. Furthermore, these variations have been associated with cerebrovascular pathologies, such as stroke, dissection, and other hemodynamic anomalies.
椎动脉起源于双侧锁骨下动脉的后上侧，向上穿过C1 - C6椎体的横突孔，然后在脑桥前表面相互汇合。胚胎发育第四至六周期间的发育变异可能导致副椎动脉形成，即双源同侧椎动脉。这种解剖变异与椎动脉重复和开窗不同，且常与之混淆。本文参考文太郎安达奇关于血管解剖变异的经典文献，回顾副椎动脉的解剖学和胚胎学。了解副椎动脉在头颈部血管和脊柱手术中很重要。此外，这些变异与脑血管病变有关，如中风、夹层和其他血流动力学异常。
