Eiden Rina D, Godleski Stephanie A, Colder Craig R, Livingston Jennifer A, Leising Meghan Casey, Leonard Kenneth E
Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, 140 Moore Building, University Park, PA 16801, USA.
Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, Rochester Institute of Technology, 18 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623, USA.
Advers Resil Sci. 2020 Jun;1(2):107-119. doi: 10.1007/s42844-020-00007-5. Epub 2020 Jun 16.
We examined associations between early childhood (first 3 years of life) risk and protective factors and resilience against adolescent substance use in a prospective sample of alcoholic and non-alcoholic families. We defined resilience as low or no substance use in the context of adversity (having a father with alcohol problems). The sample included 227 families recruited from birth records when children were 12 months old and followed longitudinally to 15-17 years of child ages (n = 182). Adolescents were grouped into 4 categories: Non-challenged (non-alcoholic parent, no adolescent substance use, n = 50), Troubled (non-alcoholic parent, adolescent substance use, n = 30), Resilient (alcoholic parent, no adolescent substance use, n = 36), and Vulnerable (alcoholic parent and adolescent substance use, n = 66). Multivariate analyses were used to examine group differences (resilient vs. vulnerable; non-challenged vs. troubled) in child and parent characteristics and family relationships domains. Children in the troubled group compared to non-challenged had lower effortful control and emotion-regulation, and those in the resilient group were more unadaptable or reactive to novelty compared to the vulnerable group. Parents of resilient compared to vulnerable children reported significantly lower alcohol symptoms and more partner aggression. Finally, fathers of resilient compared to vulnerable children were less aggravated with them in early childhood. Results highlight the importance of continuous measures of alcohol problems, early childhood functioning, and family characteristics for associations with adolescent risk and resilience.Passive gene-environment correlations may account for associations between parent alcohol problem severity and adolescent substance use.
我们在一个包含酗酒家庭和非酗酒家庭的前瞻性样本中，研究了幼儿期（生命的前3年）风险、保护因素与青少年药物使用抵御能力之间的关联。我们将抵御能力定义为在逆境（父亲有酒精问题）中药物使用较少或未使用。样本包括从出生记录中招募的227个家庭，孩子12个月大时开始纵向追踪至15 - 17岁（n = 182）。青少年被分为4类：无挑战组（非酗酒父母，青少年无药物使用，n = 50）、问题组（非酗酒父母，青少年有药物使用，n = 30）、 resilient组（酗酒父母，青少年无药物使用，n = 36）和脆弱组（酗酒父母且青少年有药物使用，n = 66）。采用多变量分析来检验在儿童和父母特征以及家庭关系领域中组间差异（resilient组与脆弱组；无挑战组与问题组）。与无挑战组相比，问题组的儿童自我控制能力和情绪调节能力较低，与脆弱组相比，resilient组的儿童对新事物更不适应或反应更强。与脆弱组儿童的父母相比，resilient组儿童的父母报告的酒精症状显著更低，伴侣攻击行为更多。最后，与脆弱组儿童的父亲相比，resilient组儿童的父亲在幼儿期对他们的恼怒程度更低。结果凸显了持续测量酒精问题、幼儿期功能和家庭特征对于与青少年风险和抵御能力之间关联的重要性。被动基因 - 环境相关性可能解释了父母酒精问题严重程度与青少年药物使用之间的关联。
