Nobari Hadi, Barjaste Amir, Haghighi Hamed, Clemente Filipe M, Carlos-Vivas Jorge, Pérez-Gómez Jorge
Department of Physiology, School of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain -
Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran -
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2022 Apr;62(4):448-456. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.21.12236-4. Epub 2021 Mar 26.
The present study aimed to quantify training and match load in elite young soccer players over the course of an entire season.
Using a longitudinal design, session-rate of perceived exertion (s-RPE) and its metrics (weekly acute workload [wAW], acute to chronic workload ratio [wACWR], training monotony and training strain) were examined in twenty-one elite young soccer players (mean±standard deviation; age: 16.1±0.2 years; height: 176.8±5.6 cm; body mass: 67.3±5.7 kg; BMI: 21.5±1.4 kg/m; V̇O
Repeated-measures analysis of variance examined variations in s-RPE load data across the 4 meso-cycles and 1-week of microcycle. Analyzing data revealed the End-S had a significant greater wAW compared to Early-S (P=0.002, g=0.96) and Mid-S (P<0.001, g=1.09). However, no differences between in-season periods were observed in wACWR (P=0.524). The within-week variations revealed significant lower wAW in prematch a day (M) (P<0.001), 1 day after match (M) (P<0.001) and 2 days after match (M) (P<0.001) compared to match day (M) for overall team analysis. Additionally, analyses by playing position showed that fullbacks have a significant lower AW in M compared to M (P<0.029).
The periodization of training load indicated variations across the whole season in young elite players. The weekly microcycle perceived load could be identified as follows; there are higher training loads on M and M which was similar to intensities experienced by players throughout the match play and, furthermore, lower overall WL on the M and M in order to ensure the optimal recovery of the players.
本研究旨在量化精英青年足球运动员在整个赛季中的训练和比赛负荷。
采用纵向设计，对21名精英青年足球运动员（均值±标准差；年龄：16.1±0.2岁；身高：176.8±5.6厘米；体重：67.3±5.7千克；体重指数：21.5±1.4千克/米；最大摄氧量：47.6±3.8毫升·千克·分钟）在包含4个中周期的整个赛季中进行了训练感知 exertion（s-RPE）及其指标（每周急性工作量[wAW]、急性与慢性工作量比值[wACWR]、训练单调性和训练压力）的检测，这4个中周期分别为季前赛（Pre-S）、赛季早期（Ear-S）、赛季中期（Mid-S）和赛季末期（End-S）。
重复测量方差分析检验了4个中周期和1周微周期内s-RPE负荷数据的变化。数据分析显示，与赛季早期（Ear-S）相比，赛季末期（End-S）的wAW显著更高（P = 0.002，g = 0.96），与赛季中期（Mid-S）相比也显著更高（P < 0.001，g = 1.09）。然而，在wACWR方面，赛季内各阶段未观察到差异（P = 0.524）。周内变化显示，与比赛日（M）相比，比赛前一天（M）、比赛后1天（M）和比赛后2天（M）的wAW显著更低（P < 0.001），这是对整个球队的分析结果。此外，按比赛位置进行的分析表明，与比赛日（M）相比，边后卫在比赛后一天（M）的急性工作量显著更低（P < 0.029）。
训练负荷的周期化表明年轻精英球员在整个赛季中存在变化。每周微周期的感知负荷可如下确定；比赛日（M）和比赛后一天（M）的训练负荷较高，这与球员在整个比赛过程中所经历的强度相似，此外，比赛前一天（M）和比赛后2天（M）的总体工作量较低，以确保球员的最佳恢复。
