Nobari Hadi, Oliveira Rafael, Clemente Filipe Manuel, Pérez-Gómez Jorge, Pardos-Mainer Elena, Ardigò Luca Paolo
Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain.
HEME Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
Children (Basel). 2021 May 10;8(5):375. doi: 10.3390/children8050375.
The purpose of this study was three-fold: (1) to describe anthropometric, maturation, and somatotype differences of players based on playing positions; (2) to analyze variations of accumulated load training (AcL) and fitness parameters between playing positions; and finally (3) to explain the variation of maximal oxygen uptake (VO) and peak power (PP) through the AcL, body fat (BF), maturity, somatotype and fitness levels. Twenty-seven male youth soccer players under-16 were divided by the following positions participated in this study: six central midfielders, four wingers (WG), five forwards, eight defenders, and four goalkeepers (GK). They were evaluated on two occasions: pre-season and after-season. Height, sitting height, body mass, BF, girths, percentage of BF (BF%), lean body mass, maturity, somatotype, sprint test, change of direction test, Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1, Wingate, PP, VO and fatigue index were assessed. Then, AcL was monitored during training sessions. The main results revealed significant differences between player positions for maturity offset ( = 0.001), for BF ( = 0.006), BF% ( = 0.015), and lean body mass kg ( = 0.003). Also, there were significant differences for AcL and fatigue index in pre-season between player positions ( < 0.05). In addition, there were some significant differences in pre- and after-season for VO and PP between player positions ( < 0.05). In conclusion, GK showed higher values in anthropometric, body composition variables and maturity offset compared to the other positions, while WG presented lower levels of BF. In pre-season, there were more differences by player positions for the different variables analyzed than after-season that reinforces the tactical role of the positions, and the emphasis in increased load in the beginning of the season. This study could be used by coaches, staff, and researchers as a reference for athletes of the same sex, age, and competitive level.
（1）描述基于比赛位置的运动员人体测量学、成熟度和体型差异；（2）分析不同比赛位置之间累积负荷训练（AcL）和体能参数的变化；最后（3）通过AcL、体脂（BF）、成熟度、体型和体能水平来解释最大摄氧量（VO）和峰值功率（PP）的变化。27名16岁以下的男性青年足球运动员按以下位置分组参与了本研究：六名中场中路球员、四名边锋（WG）、五名前锋、八名后卫和四名守门员（GK）。他们在两个时间点接受了评估：赛季前和赛季后。评估了身高、坐高、体重、BF、围度、BF百分比（BF%）、瘦体重、成熟度、体型、短跑测试、变向测试、Yo-Yo间歇恢复测试1级、温盖特测试、PP、VO和疲劳指数。然后，在训练期间监测AcL。主要结果显示，球员位置在成熟度偏移（P = 0.001）、BF（P = 0.006）、BF%（P = 0.015）和瘦体重千克数（P = 0.003）方面存在显著差异。此外，赛季前球员位置之间的AcL和疲劳指数也存在显著差异（P < 0.05）。此外，赛季前和赛季后不同球员位置的VO和PP也存在一些显著差异（P < 0.05）。总之，与其他位置相比，GK在人体测量学、身体成分变量和成熟度偏移方面表现出更高的值，而WG的BF水平较低。在赛季前，不同球员位置在分析的不同变量上的差异比赛季后更多，这强化了各位置的战术作用，以及赛季初对增加负荷的重视。本研究可供教练、工作人员和研究人员作为同性别、年龄和竞技水平运动员的参考。
