Graduate School of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
College of Nursing and Health Management, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.
J Am Geriatr Soc. 2021 Jul;69(7):2000-2010. doi: 10.1111/jgs.17094. Epub 2021 Mar 26.
Tai chi is considered a safe and low-cost treatment for improving balance ability among an older population. However, there is no existing evidence on the optimal exercise parameters of tai chi for improving balance in older adults.
To investigate the optimal parameters of a tai chi intervention to improve balance performance of older adults.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, Chinese Science and Technology Periodical and China Biology Medicine were searched from inception until November 30, 2020.
Adults aged 60 years and over.
Two reviewers independently extracted the data and assessed the quality of the included studies according to the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Subgroup analyses and meta-regressions were conducted to elucidate the impact of tai chi training programs on balance measures.
Twenty-six eligible RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled results showed that tai chi has moderate effects for improving proactive balance (weighted mean standardized mean differences [SMD ] = 0.61, 95% CI 0.33-0.89) and static steady-state balance (SMD = 0.62, 95% CI 0.30-0.95) and small effects for improving dynamic steady-state balance (SMD = 0.38, 95% CI 0.03-0.73) and balance test batteries (SMD = 0.47, 95% CI 0.13-0.81) in adults over 60 years of age. The practice frequency could predict the effects of tai chi on static steady-state balance, and the 24-form simplified Yang style tai chi (45-60 min/session, more than four sessions per week and at least 8 weeks) was the most optimal.
Tai chi is effective at improving the balance ability of adults over 60 years of age. A medium duration and high frequency of 24-form tai chi may be the optimal program for improving balance, but this evidence should be recommended with caution due to limitations of the methodology and small sample sizes.
太极拳被认为是一种安全且低成本的治疗方法，可改善老年人群的平衡能力。但是，目前尚无关于太极拳改善老年人平衡的最佳运动参数的证据。
研究太极拳干预改善老年人平衡能力的最佳参数。
系统评价和随机对照试验（RCT）的荟萃分析。
从建库至 2020 年 11 月 30 日，检索 PubMed、Embase、Cochrane 图书馆、Web of Science、Scopus、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普中文科技期刊数据库和中国生物医学文献数据库。
年龄在 60 岁及以上的成年人。
两名评审员根据物理治疗证据数据库（PEDro）量表独立提取数据并评估纳入研究的质量。进行亚组分析和荟萃回归分析，以阐明太极拳训练计划对平衡测量的影响。
纳入的 26 项 RCT 进行了荟萃分析。汇总结果表明，太极拳对改善主动平衡（加权均数标准化差异 [SMD] = 0.61，95%CI 0.33-0.89）和静态稳态平衡（SMD = 0.62，95%CI 0.30-0.95）具有中等效果，对改善动态稳态平衡（SMD = 0.38，95%CI 0.03-0.73）和平衡测试组合（SMD = 0.47，95%CI 0.13-0.81）具有较小效果。练习频率可以预测太极拳对静态稳态平衡的影响，24 式简化杨式太极拳（45-60 分钟/节，每周 4 次以上，至少 8 周）是最有效的。
太极拳对改善 60 岁以上成年人的平衡能力有效。24 式太极拳的中等时长和高频率可能是改善平衡的最佳方案，但由于方法学的限制和样本量小，该证据应谨慎推荐。
