Thommes M, Schlumberger C
Institute of Separation Science and Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany; email:
Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng. 2021 Jun 7;12:137-162. doi: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-061720-081242. Epub 2021 Mar 26.
Detailed analysis of textural properties, e.g., pore size and connectivity, of nanoporous materials is essential to identify correlations of these properties with the performance of gas storage, separation, and catalysis processes. The advances in developing nanoporous materials with uniform, tailor-made pore structures, including the introduction of hierarchical pore systems, offer huge potential for these applications. Within this context, major progress has been made in understanding the adsorption and phase behavior of confined fluids and consequently in physisorption characterization. This enables reliable pore size, volume, and network connectivity analysis using advanced, high-resolution experimental protocols coupled with advanced methods based on statistical mechanics, such as methods based on density functional theory and molecular simulation. If macro-pores are present, a combination of adsorption and mercury porosimetry can be useful. Hence, some important recent advances in understanding the mercury intrusion/extrusion mechanism are discussed. Additionally, some promising complementary techniques for characterization of porous materials immersed in a liquid phase are introduced.
对纳米多孔材料的结构性质（如孔径和连通性）进行详细分析，对于确定这些性质与气体存储、分离及催化过程性能之间的相关性至关重要。在开发具有均匀、定制孔结构的纳米多孔材料方面取得的进展，包括引入分级孔系统，为这些应用提供了巨大潜力。在此背景下，在理解受限流体的吸附和相行为以及物理吸附表征方面取得了重大进展。这使得使用先进的高分辨率实验方案并结合基于统计力学的先进方法（如基于密度泛函理论和分子模拟的方法）进行可靠的孔径、孔体积和网络连通性分析成为可能。如果存在大孔，吸附和压汞法相结合可能会很有用。因此，本文讨论了在理解汞侵入/挤出机制方面的一些重要最新进展。此外，还介绍了一些用于表征浸入液相中的多孔材料的有前景的补充技术。
