从即食肉三明治中分离出的耐多药、耐甲氧西林和耐万古霉素的金黄色葡萄球菌：持续存在的食品和公共卫生问题。

Multidrug-, methicillin-, and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from ready-to-eat meat sandwiches: An ongoing food and public health concern.

机构信息

Food Hygiene and Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.

出版信息

Int J Food Microbiol. 2021 May 16;346:109165. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109165. Epub 2021 Mar 17.

DOI:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109165

Abstract

Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and their antimicrobial resistance pose exacerbating global health threats and endangering everyone. Thus, the prevalence, molecular characterization of virulence genes, and antimicrobial resistance patterns of strains isolated from 225 beef burger and hot dog sandwiches vended in Mansoura city, Egypt were determined. 83.1% of the sandwiches tested were contaminated with coagulase-positive S. aureus, with a mean count of 4 × 10 CFU/g. Genes encoding mecA, α-hemolysin, staphylococcal enterotoxins, and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 were detected in 22.6%, 96.3%, 61.1%, and 0% of the strains isolated, respectively. Of the 190 coagulase-positive strains, 43 (22.6%) were confirmed as MRSA. Among them, 4 strains (2.1%) were vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) and resistant to all antimicrobials tested. Interestingly, all isolates were resistant to at least one of the antimicrobials tested, with 75.2% being multi-drug resistant (MDR) and an average multiple antimicrobial resistance (MAR) index of 0.503. Not less important, 100%, 96.3%, 90.5%, 79.5%, 73.7%, 62.6%, and 48.9% of isolates were resistant to Kanamycin, Nalidixic acid, Cefotaxime, Sulphamethoxazole-Trimethoprim, Penicillin G, Tetracycline, and Cephalothin, respectively. The potential hazard of MDR-, MRSA-, and VRSA-contaminated sandwiches may be an indication of the presence of what is more dangerous. Hence, strict hygienic measures and good standards of food handler's personal hygiene to prevent transmission of these pathogens to consumers are imperative.

摘要

耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）及其抗菌耐药性加剧了全球健康威胁，危及每个人的健康。因此，确定了从埃及曼苏拉市出售的 225 份汉堡和热狗三明治中分离的菌株的流行情况、毒力基因的分子特征和抗菌耐药模式。测试的 83.1%的三明治受到凝固酶阳性金黄色葡萄球菌污染，平均计数为 4×10 CFU/g。在所分离的菌株中，分别检测到 mecA、α-溶血素、葡萄球菌肠毒素和中毒性休克综合征毒素-1 的基因，检出率分别为 22.6%、96.3%、61.1%和 0%。在 190 株凝固酶阳性菌株中，有 43 株（22.6%）被确认为耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）。其中，有 4 株（2.1%）为万古霉素耐药金黄色葡萄球菌（VRSA），对所有测试的抗菌药物均耐药。有趣的是，所有分离株均对至少一种测试的抗菌药物耐药，其中 75.2%为多药耐药（MDR），平均多重抗菌耐药（MAR）指数为 0.503。同样重要的是，100%、96.3%、90.5%、79.5%、73.7%、62.6%和 48.9%的分离株分别对卡那霉素、萘啶酸、头孢噻肟、磺胺甲恶唑-甲氧苄啶、青霉素 G、四环素和头孢噻吩耐药。MDR、MRSA 和 VRSA 污染的三明治的潜在危害可能表明存在更危险的情况。因此，必须采取严格的卫生措施和良好的食品处理人员个人卫生标准，以防止这些病原体传播给消费者。