National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
J Genet Genomics. 2021 Jan 20;48(1):1-13. doi: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.01.006. Epub 2021 Feb 19.
Decades of investigation on DNA methylation have led to deeper insights into its metabolic mechanisms and biological functions. This understanding was fueled by the recent development of genome editing tools and our improved capacity for analyzing the global DNA methylome in mammalian cells. This review focuses on the maintenance of DNA methylation patterns during mitotic cell division. We discuss the latest discoveries of the mechanisms for the inheritance of DNA methylation as a stable epigenetic memory. We also highlight recent evidence showing the rapid turnover of DNA methylation as a dynamic gene regulatory mechanism. A body of work has shown that altered DNA methylomes are common features in aging and disease. We discuss the potential links between methylation maintenance mechanisms and disease-associated methylation changes.
几十年来对 DNA 甲基化的研究使人们对其代谢机制和生物学功能有了更深入的了解。最近基因组编辑工具的发展和我们分析哺乳动物细胞中全球 DNA 甲基组的能力的提高推动了这一理解。这篇综述重点介绍了有丝分裂细胞分裂过程中 DNA 甲基化模式的维持。我们讨论了作为稳定表观遗传记忆的 DNA 甲基化遗传机制的最新发现。我们还强调了最近的证据表明 DNA 甲基化的快速转换是一种动态的基因调控机制。大量的研究表明，改变的 DNA 甲基组是衰老和疾病的常见特征。我们讨论了甲基化维持机制与疾病相关的甲基化变化之间的潜在联系。
