Thowfeequ Shifaan, Hanna Courtney W, Srinivas Shankar
Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2025 Apr;26(4):255-275. doi: 10.1038/s41580-024-00809-w. Epub 2024 Dec 3.
Extraembryonic tissues have pivotal roles in morphogenesis and patterning of the early mammalian embryo. Developmental programmes mediated through signalling pathways and gene regulatory networks determine the sequence in which fate determination and lineage commitment of extraembryonic tissues take place, and epigenetic processes allow the memory of cell identity and state to be sustained throughout and beyond embryo development, even extending across generations. In this Review, we discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms necessary for the different extraembryonic tissues to develop and function, from their initial specification up until the end of gastrulation, when the body plan of the embryo and the anatomical organization of its supporting extraembryonic structures are established. We examine the interaction between extraembryonic and embryonic tissues during early patterning and morphogenesis, and outline how epigenetic memory supports extraembryonic tissue development.
胚外组织在早期哺乳动物胚胎的形态发生和模式形成中起着关键作用。通过信号通路和基因调控网络介导的发育程序决定了胚外组织命运决定和谱系定型的顺序，并且表观遗传过程使细胞身份和状态的记忆在胚胎发育期间及之后得以维持，甚至可以跨代延续。在本综述中，我们讨论了不同胚外组织从最初特化直至原肠胚形成末期发育和发挥功能所必需的分子和细胞机制，此时胚胎的身体蓝图及其支持性胚外结构的解剖组织得以确立。我们研究了早期模式形成和形态发生过程中胚外组织与胚胎组织之间的相互作用，并概述了表观遗传记忆如何支持胚外组织发育。
