School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, Australia.
Mikrochim Acta. 2021 Mar 26;188(4):139. doi: 10.1007/s00604-021-04790-5.
Extracellular vesicles are spherical nanoparticles inherently released by almost all cell types. They acquire the cell's membrane and cytoplasmic characteristics offering abundant identical units that can be captured to recognize the cell of origin. The abundance of vital cell information and multifunctional roles in cellular processes has rendered them attention, particularly as promising biomarkers for disease diagnosis and use in potential drug delivery systems. This review provides insights into standard approaches towards cultivation and isolation of mammalian and bacterial extracellular vesicles. We assess gaps in conventional separation and detection technologies while also tracking developments in ongoing research. The review focuses on highlighting alternative state-of-the-art microfluidic devices that offer avenues for fast, cost-effective, precision-oriented capture and sensing of extracellular vesicles. Combining different detection technologies on an integrated "lab-on-a-chip" system has the prospective to provide customizable opportunities for clinical use of extracellular vesicles in disease diagnostics and therapeutic applications.
细胞外囊泡是几乎所有细胞类型固有释放的球形纳米颗粒。它们获得了细胞的膜和细胞质特征，提供了丰富的相同单元，可以被捕获以识别起源细胞。细胞内丰富的重要信息和在细胞过程中的多功能作用引起了人们的关注，特别是作为疾病诊断的有前途的生物标志物，并用于潜在的药物传递系统。本综述提供了关于哺乳动物和细菌细胞外囊泡培养和分离的标准方法的见解。我们评估了传统分离和检测技术的差距，同时也跟踪了正在进行的研究的进展。本综述重点介绍了替代的最先进的微流控设备，这些设备为快速、经济高效、面向精度的细胞外囊泡捕获和传感提供了途径。在集成的“片上实验室”系统上结合不同的检测技术有希望为细胞外囊泡在疾病诊断和治疗应用中的临床应用提供定制的机会。
