Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
School of Life Sciences, and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2021 Jun 4;49(10):5426-5450. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab187.
G-quadruplexes (G4s) are non-classical DNA or RNA secondary structures that have been first observed decades ago. Over the years, these four-stranded structural motifs have been demonstrated to have significant regulatory roles in diverse biological processes, but challenges remain in detecting them globally and reliably. Compared to DNA G4s (dG4s), the study of RNA G4s (rG4s) has received less attention until recently. In this review, we will summarize the innovative high-throughput methods recently developed to detect rG4s on a transcriptome-wide scale, highlight the many novel and important functions of rG4 being discovered in vivo across the tree of life, and discuss the key biological questions to be addressed in the near future.
G-四链体（G4s）是最早在几十年前被发现的非经典 DNA 或 RNA 二级结构。多年来，这些四链结构基元已被证明在多种生物过程中具有重要的调节作用，但在全球范围内可靠地检测它们仍然存在挑战。与 DNA G4s（dG4s）相比，RNA G4s（rG4s）的研究直到最近才受到关注。在这篇综述中，我们将总结最近开发的用于在转录组范围内检测 rG4s 的创新高通量方法，强调在生命之树中体内发现的 rG4 的许多新的和重要的功能，并讨论在不久的将来需要解决的关键生物学问题。
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