PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Smoking Cessation and Addictive Disorders Unit, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Addict Behav. 2021 Aug;119:106903. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106903. Epub 2021 Mar 9.
Despite advances in smoking cessation treatments, smoking relapse remains common. Experiencing positive or negative affect and cigarette dependence are the most common causes of relapse; however, little is known about the characteristics that increase the risk of relapse from these causes among current treatment-seeking smokers. Thus, this study aimed to identify the most frequent causes of relapse and the individual characteristics that increase the risk of relapse from these causes during a 12-month period after smoking cessation. Participants included 121 treatment-seeking smokers who quit smoking at the end of treatment and relapsed during a 12-month follow-up period (60.3% female;Mage = 42.57, SD = 11.07). Results indicated that the most frequent smoking relapse situations occurred when smokers experienced positive (e.g., being relaxed; 43.0%) or negative (e.g., being angry; 37.2%) affect or cigarette dependence-related situations (e.g., craving; 19.8%). At an individual level, males with a higher level of education and without a psychopharmaceutical prescription had a higher risk of relapsing in positive-affect situations. Smoking the first cigarette at an older age increased the risk of relapse in negative-affect situations. Finally, being younger and less motivated to quit at pretreatment increased the likelihood of relapse in cigarette dependence-related situations. These findings provide detailed information about smoking relapse situations and identify a set of characteristics that might help to improve current relapse-prevention interventions.
尽管在戒烟治疗方面取得了进展，但吸烟复发仍然很常见。体验积极或消极的情绪和香烟依赖是复发的最常见原因；然而，对于当前寻求治疗的吸烟者中，哪些特征会增加这些原因导致的复发风险，人们知之甚少。因此，本研究旨在确定最常见的复发原因，以及在戒烟后 12 个月期间，这些原因导致复发的个体特征。参与者包括 121 名在治疗结束时戒烟并在 12 个月随访期间复发的寻求治疗的吸烟者（43.0%为女性；Mage=42.57，SD=11.07）。结果表明，吸烟复发最常见的情况是吸烟者体验到积极（例如放松；43.0%）或消极（例如生气；37.2%）的情绪或与香烟依赖相关的情况（例如渴望；19.8%）。在个体层面上，教育程度较高且没有精神药物处方的男性在积极情绪情况下复发的风险更高。吸烟年龄较大的人在消极情绪情况下的复发风险增加。最后，在治疗前年龄较小且戒烟动机较低会增加与香烟依赖相关的情况复发的可能性。这些发现提供了有关吸烟复发情况的详细信息，并确定了一组可能有助于改善当前预防复发干预措施的特征。
