WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Aspects of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging, Division of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, CHU-Sart Tilman, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate 13 (Bât. B23), 4000 Liège, Belgium.
WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Aspects of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging, Division of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, CHU-Sart Tilman, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate 13 (Bât. B23), 4000 Liège, Belgium.
Public Health. 2021 Apr;193:101-108. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.01.017. Epub 2021 Mar 25.
The association of tobacco use and incidence of muscle impairments has not been extensively explored in research. In this study, the relationship between smoking and the incidence of sarcopenia is investigated.
The present longitudinal study used data from the Sarcopenia and Physical Impairment with advancing Age (SarcoPhAge) cohort, which includes older adults aged ≥65 years. All individuals with follow-up data on muscle health were included in this post hoc analysis. A diagnosis of sarcopenia was established, at each year of follow-up, according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in older People 2 (EWGSOP2) criteria. A sensitivity analysis was performed using other diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia. The smoking status and the number of cigarettes smoked per day were self-reported. The relationship between smoking status or the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the incidence of sarcopenia/severe sarcopenia throughout the 5 years of follow-up was evaluated using the Cox proportional hazards model.
In total, the study population included 420 participants, with a median age of 71.7 years (P25-P75 = 67.7-76.9 years) and 59.8% were female. Over the 5 years of follow-up, 78 participants (18.6%) became sarcopenic as per the EWGSOP2 criteria and 41 individuals (9.8%) developed severe sarcopenia. There were significantly more smokers than non-smokers who developed sarcopenia (35.9% vs 16.8%, P-value = 0.003). A fully adjusted Cox model confirmed this observation, yielding a hazard ratio of 2.36 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31-4.26), meaning that smokers have a 2.36-fold higher risk of developing sarcopenia. Furthermore, individuals who smoked had a 2.68 times increased risk of developing severe sarcopenia (95% CI: 1.21-5.93) than those who did not smoke. Sensitivity analyses globally confirmed these findings when applying other diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia.
Smoking seems to be an important predictor for the onset of sarcopenia, highlighting, once again, that tobacco use is a major public health problem.
吸烟与肌肉功能障碍的发生之间的关联在研究中尚未得到广泛探讨。在这项研究中，研究了吸烟与肌少症发生之间的关系。
本纵向研究使用了 Sarcopenia and Physical Impairment with advancing Age (SarcoPhAge) 队列的数据，该队列包括年龄≥65 岁的老年人。所有接受肌肉健康随访数据的个体均纳入本事后分析。根据欧洲老年人肌少症工作组 2 (EWGSOP2) 标准，每年随访时确定肌少症的诊断。使用肌少症的其他诊断标准进行了敏感性分析。吸烟状况和每天吸烟的支数均为自我报告。使用 Cox 比例风险模型评估吸烟状况或每天吸烟支数与 5 年随访期间肌少症/重度肌少症发生的关系。
共有 420 名参与者纳入研究，中位年龄为 71.7 岁（P25-P75=67.7-76.9 岁），59.8%为女性。在 5 年随访期间，根据 EWGSOP2 标准，78 名参与者（18.6%）成为肌少症患者，41 名参与者（9.8%）发展为重度肌少症。发生肌少症的吸烟者明显多于不吸烟者（35.9% vs 16.8%，P 值=0.003）。完全调整后的 Cox 模型证实了这一观察结果，其风险比为 2.36（95%置信区间[CI]：1.31-4.26），这意味着吸烟者患肌少症的风险增加 2.36 倍。此外，与不吸烟者相比，吸烟者发生重度肌少症的风险增加 2.68 倍（95%CI：1.21-5.93）。当应用肌少症的其他诊断标准时，全球敏感性分析也普遍证实了这些发现。
吸烟似乎是肌少症发生的一个重要预测因素，这再次强调了吸烟是一个主要的公共卫生问题。
