Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea.
Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), 333, Techno jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
Ageing Res Rev. 2021 Jul;68:101333. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101333. Epub 2021 Mar 24.
The responses of central nervous system (CNS) cells such as neurons and glia in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) suggest that regulation of neuronal and glial functions could be a strategy for ND prevention and/or treatment. However, attempts to develop such therapeutics for NDs have been hindered by the challenge of blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and continued constitutive neuronal loss. These limitations indicate the need for additional perspectives for the prevention/treatment of NDs. In particular, the disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that accompanies NDs allows brain infiltration by peripheral factors, which may stimulate innate immune responses involved in the progression of neurodegeneration. The accumulation of blood factors like thrombin, fibrinogen, c-reactive protein (CRP) and complement components in the brain has been observed in NDs and may activate the innate immune system in the CNS. Thus, strengthening the integrity of the BBB may enhance its protective role to attenuate ND progression and functional loss. In this review, we describe the innate immune system in the CNS and the contribution of blood factors to the role of the CNS immune system in neurodegeneration and neuroprotection.
中枢神经系统（CNS）细胞如神经元和神经胶质细胞在神经退行性疾病（NDs）中的反应表明，神经元和神经胶质细胞功能的调节可能是预防和/或治疗 ND 的一种策略。然而，由于血脑屏障（BBB）通透性和持续的固有神经元丧失的挑战，开发这种治疗神经退行性疾病的方法受到了阻碍。这些局限性表明需要从其他角度来预防/治疗神经退行性疾病。特别是，伴随神经退行性疾病的血脑屏障（BBB）的破坏允许外周因素渗透到大脑中，这可能刺激参与神经退行性变进展的固有免疫反应。在神经退行性疾病中已经观察到血液因子如凝血酶、纤维蛋白原、C 反应蛋白（CRP）和补体成分在大脑中的积累，并可能激活中枢神经系统中的固有免疫系统。因此，增强 BBB 的完整性可能会增强其保护作用，从而减轻 ND 的进展和功能丧失。在这篇综述中，我们描述了中枢神经系统中的固有免疫系统以及血液因子对中枢神经系统免疫在神经退行性变和神经保护中的作用的贡献。
