Doctor of Philosophy Program in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand; PODD Centre, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand.
Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand.
Prev Vet Med. 2021 May;190:105330. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105330. Epub 2021 Mar 20.
The Participatory One-Health Disease Detection project (PODD) (www.cmonehealth.org) developed a health-based surveillance system with the local government of Chiang Mai community ownership that has been created a mobile application on smartphone for reporting an abnormal event, especially animal health. Previously, the PODD project has obtained a significant number of pig abnormal events. Therefore, there are likely to be some diseases that are currently circulating among backyard pigs. A cross-sectional serological study was undertaken to determine the risk factors for virus infection and prevalence of antibodies against the classical swine fever virus (CSFV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and influenza A virus (IAV) among backyard pigs in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Antibodies against the CSFV, PRRSV and PCV2 in backyard pigs were shown in swine level to be 14 % (95 % CI: 9-20), 14 % (95 % CI: 10-19), and 15 % (95 % CI: 8-23), respectively. For the household level, antibodies against the CSFV, PRRSV and PCV2 were found to be 23 % (95 % CI: 13-37), 22 % (95 % CI: 14-23), and 48 % (95 % CI: 32-63), respectively, while antibodies against IAV were shown to be absent. The use of artificial insemination for breeding purposes has been considered to be a significant risk factor associated with PRRSV (OR = 21.08, 95 % CI: 1.92-232.02) and CSFV (OR = 7.7, 95 % CI: 1.49-39.90) infections. Meanwhile, a risk factor for PCV2 infection was found to significantly involve the feeding of pigs with commercial feed (OR = 9.64, 95 % CI: 1.85-50.26). The findings of this study indicate that infections with CSFV, PRRSV, and PCV2 remain a significant concern and may have an impact on the growth performance of the backyard pigs. The lack of antibodies against the influenza A virus has indicated a low degree of interspecies transmission of influenza A among backyard pigs in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Effective control measures need to be prepared and implemented, and these should include the strict regulation of pig imports as a free source of the viruses along with effective animal quarantine, policies, and appropriate vaccination programs.
参与式 One-Health 疾病监测项目（PODD）（www.cmonehealth.org）与清迈地方政府共同建立了一个基于健康的监测系统，该系统创建了一个智能手机应用程序，用于报告异常事件，特别是动物健康异常事件。此前，PODD 项目已经收集了大量猪异常事件。因此，后院猪群中可能存在一些目前正在流行的疾病。本研究采用横断面血清学研究方法，旨在确定泰国清迈后院猪感染病毒的风险因素和猪瘟病毒（CSFV）、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）、猪圆环病毒 2 型（PCV2）和甲型流感病毒（IAV）抗体的流行率。在猪群水平上，CSFV、PRRSV 和 PCV2 抗体的检出率分别为 14%（95%CI：9-20）、14%（95%CI：10-19）和 15%（95%CI：8-23）。在家户水平上，CSFV、PRRSV 和 PCV2 抗体的检出率分别为 23%（95%CI：13-37）、22%（95%CI：14-23）和 48%（95%CI：32-63），而 IAV 抗体均未检出。本研究结果表明，人工授精用于繁殖可能是 PRRSV（OR=21.08，95%CI：1.92-232.02）和 CSFV（OR=7.7，95%CI：1.49-39.90）感染的显著风险因素。而 PCV2 感染的风险因素可能与猪只食用商业饲料显著相关（OR=9.64，95%CI：1.85-50.26）。本研究结果表明，CSFV、PRRSV 和 PCV2 的感染仍然是一个严重的问题，可能会对后院猪的生长性能产生影响。本研究未检测到甲型流感病毒抗体，表明在泰国清迈的后院猪中，甲型流感病毒在不同物种间的传播程度较低。需要制定和实施有效的控制措施，包括严格监管猪只进口作为病毒的自由来源，以及实施有效的动物检疫、政策和适当的疫苗接种计划。
