Transfer and expression of mesophilic plasmid-mediated degradative capacity in a psychrotrophic bacterium.

A psychrotrophic bacterium, originally isolated from a natural aquatic environment, was characterized and identified as Pseudomonas putida Q5 for use as a representative recipient for biodegradative genes from a mesophilic microorganism. The TOL plasmid pWWO of the mesophile P. putida PaW1 was successfully transferred by conjugation to the naturally isolated psychrotroph P. putida Q5, as shown by plasmid analysis by agarose gel electrophoresis. Expression of the genes encoded by the mesophilic TOL plasmid in the psychrotroph was shown by the fact that the transconjugant (designated P. putida Q5T) had the capacity to degrade and utilize toluate (1,000 mg/liter) as a sole source of carbon at temperatures as low as 0 degrees C. Comparison of growth rates over a wide temperature range (0 to 30 degrees C) indicated that the physiological activity of the transconjugant was not reduced and that the plasmid DNA from the mesophile and its encoded enzymes functioned effectively in the psychrotroph at temperatures well below those at which the mesophile could grow. The production and demonstrated functioning of P. putida Q5T illustrates the possibility of developing specific degradative capacities in bacteria which can readily function at low temperatures in chemically contaminated environments or in industrial wastewater treatment systems.