Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW, Australia.
ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterial Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW, Australia.
J Sports Sci. 2021 Aug;39(15):1780-1788. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1898167. Epub 2021 Mar 28.
We aimed to determine whether there were any differences in how surfers used their lead and trail limbs when landing two variations of a simulated aerial manoeuvre, and whether technique affected the forces generated at landing. Fifteen competitive surfers (age 20.3 ± 5.6 years, height 178.2 ± 9.16 cm, mass 71.0 ± 10.5 kg) performed a Frontside Air (FA) and Frontside Air Reverse (FAR), while we collected the impact forces, ankle and knee muscle activity, and kinematic data. A principal component analysis (PCA) was used to reduce 41 dependent variables into 10 components. A two-way MANOVA revealed that although there were no limb x aerial variation interactions, surfers generated significantly higher relative loading rates at landing for the trail limb compared to the lead limb (+28.8 BW/s; = 20.660, < 0.0001, = 0.064). This was likely due to the surfers "slapping" the trail limb down when landing, rather than controlling placement of the limb. Similarly, higher relative loading rates were generated when landing the FA compared to the FAR (+23.6 BW/s; = 31.655, < 0.0001, = 0.095), due to less time over which the forces could be dissipated. No relationships between aerial variation or limb were found for any of the kinematic or muscle activity data. Practitioners should consider the higher relative loading rates generated by a surfer's trail limb and when surfers perform a FA when designing dry-land training to improve the aerial performance of surfing athletes.
我们旨在确定冲浪者在模拟空中动作的两种变体中，落地时使用主力腿和动力腿是否存在差异，以及技术是否会影响落地时产生的力。15 名竞技冲浪者（年龄 20.3 ± 5.6 岁，身高 178.2 ± 9.16 厘米，体重 71.0 ± 10.5 公斤）完成了前侧空翻（FA）和前侧空翻反转（FAR），同时我们收集了冲击力、踝关节和膝关节肌肉活动以及运动学数据。主成分分析（PCA）用于将 41 个因变量减少到 10 个分量。双向 MANOVA 显示，尽管没有肢体 x 空中变化的相互作用，但冲浪者在落地时，动力腿的相对加载率明显高于主力腿（+28.8 BW/s； = 20.660， < 0.0001， = 0.064）。这可能是由于冲浪者在落地时“拍打”动力腿，而不是控制腿部的放置。同样，当 FA 落地时，相对加载率会更高（比 FAR 高+23.6 BW/s； = 31.655， < 0.0001， = 0.095），因为力可以消散的时间更少。在任何运动学或肌肉活动数据中，都没有发现空中变化或肢体之间的关系。在设计旱地训练以提高冲浪运动员的空中表现时，从业者应该考虑冲浪者动力腿产生的较高相对加载率和冲浪者执行 FA 的情况。
