Belmonte Darraz Saliha, González-Roldán Ana María, de María Arrebola Joaquín, Montoro-Aguilar Casandra Isabel
Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (IUNICS) e Instituto de Investigación en Salud de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), Palma, España; Área de Sanidad del Ayuntamiento de Palma de Mallorca, Palma, España.
Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (IUNICS) e Instituto de Investigación en Salud de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), Palma, España.
Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol. 2021 May-Jun;56(3):136-143. doi: 10.1016/j.regg.2021.01.006. Epub 2021 Mar 26.
The benefits of the physical exercise in aging, and specially in frailty, have been associated with reduced risk of mortality, chronic disease, and cognitive and functional impairments. Multi-component training, which combines strength, endurance, balance, and gait training, represents the most beneficial kind of physical exercise in older adults.
Given the effectiveness of the multi-component training, a physical exercise program «Actívate» (based on the methodology Vivifrail), with the focus on «active aging», was conducted in the present study. Forty-nine older adults over 60 years participated in this program.
The physical exercise intervention led to a reduction in diastolic blood pressure, pain threshold and sleep disturbances (e. g. hypersomnia) (t ≥ 2.72, p < 0.01), as well as an increase of walking speed (t = 7.84, p ≤ 0.001). Further, quality of life factors (GENCAT scale), like emotional well-being, personal development, physical well-being, self-determination, and social inclusion, were greater after intervention (t ≥ -2.06, p < 0.05).
These findings underline the benefits of multi-component training in functionality of older adults, and further, provide relevant aspects about the modulation of pain perception, sleep disturbances, social factors and physical and emotional well-being. Physical exercise programs such as «Actívate» should be promoted, in order to encourage healthy lifestyle habits, in the older adults' population.
体育锻炼对衰老尤其是虚弱状态有益，这与降低死亡风险、慢性病风险以及认知和功能障碍有关。多组分训练结合了力量、耐力、平衡和步态训练，是对老年人最有益的体育锻炼方式。
鉴于多组分训练的有效性，本研究开展了一项以“积极老龄化”为重点的体育锻炼项目“Actívate”（基于Vivifrail方法）。49名60岁以上的老年人参与了该项目。
体育锻炼干预使舒张压、疼痛阈值和睡眠障碍（如失眠）降低（t≥2.72，p<0.01），同时步行速度提高（t=7.84，p≤0.001）。此外，干预后生活质量因素（GENCAT量表），如情绪幸福感、个人发展、身体幸福感、自主决定权和社会融入度等均有所提高（t≥-2.06，p<0.05）。
这些发现强调了多组分训练对老年人功能的益处，此外，还提供了有关疼痛感知调节、睡眠障碍、社会因素以及身体和情绪幸福感的相关方面。应推广“Actívate”等体育锻炼项目，以鼓励老年人群养成健康的生活方式习惯。
