Höckerstedt Layla, Susi Hanna, Laine Anna-Liisa
Research Centre for Ecological Change, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland.
Climate System Research Finnish Meteorological Institute Helsinki Finland.
J Ecol. 2021 Mar;109(3):1439-1451. doi: 10.1111/1365-2745.13568. Epub 2021 Jan 19.
Maternal effects of pathogen infection on progeny development and disease resistance may be adaptive and have important consequences for population dynamics. However, these effects are often context-dependent and examples of adaptive transgenerational responses from perennials are scarce, although they may be a particularly important mechanism generating variation in the offspring of long-lived species.Here, we studied the effect of maternal infection of by , a fungal parasite, on the growth, flower production and resistance of the progeny of six maternal genotypes in nutrient-rich and nutrient-poor environments. For this purpose, we combined a common garden study with automated phenotyping measurements of early life stages, and an inoculation experiment.Our results show that the effects of infection on the mother plants transcend to impact their progeny. Although maternal infection decreased total leaf and flower production of the progeny by the end of the growing season, it accelerated early growth and enhanced resistance to the pathogen .We also discovered that the effects of maternal infection affected progeny development and resistance through a three way-interaction between maternal genotype, maternal infection status and nutrient availability. . Our results emphasize the importance of maternal effects mediated through genotypic and environmental factors in long-living perennials and suggest that maternal infection can create a layer of phenotypic diversity in resistance. These results may have important implications for both epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics of host-parasite interactions in the wild.
病原体感染对后代发育和抗病性的母体效应可能具有适应性，并且对种群动态具有重要影响。然而，这些效应通常取决于环境背景，多年生植物适应性跨代反应的例子很少，尽管它们可能是长寿命物种后代产生变异的一个特别重要的机制。在这里，我们研究了由真菌寄生虫对六个母体基因型的后代在营养丰富和营养贫瘠环境中的生长、开花和抗性的母体感染效应。为此，我们将一个共同花园研究与早期生命阶段的自动表型测量以及接种实验相结合。我们的结果表明，感染对母本植物的影响会延伸至影响它们的后代。尽管母体感染在生长季节结束时降低了后代的总叶数和花数，但它加速了早期生长并增强了对病原体的抗性。我们还发现，母体感染的效应通过母体基因型、母体感染状态和养分可用性之间的三向相互作用影响后代发育和抗性。我们的结果强调了在长寿多年生植物中通过基因型和环境因素介导的母体效应的重要性，并表明母体感染可以在抗性方面创造一层表型多样性。这些结果可能对野生寄主 - 寄生虫相互作用的流行病学和进化动态都具有重要意义。
