Guimarães Ana Rita, Correia Inês, Sousa Inês, Oliveira Carla, Moura Gabriela, Bezerra Ana Rita, Santos Manuel A S
Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
Front Microbiol. 2021 Mar 11;12:634004. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.634004. eCollection 2021.
Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are widely known for their roles in the decoding of the linear mRNA information into amino acid sequences of proteins. They are also multifunctional platforms in the translation process and have other roles beyond translation, including sensing amino acid abundance, interacting with the general stress response machinery, and modulating cellular adaptation, survival, and death. In this mini-review, we focus on the emerging role of tRNA genes in the organization and modification of the genomic architecture of yeast and the role of tRNA misexpression and decoding infidelity in genome stability, evolution, and adaption. We discuss published work showing how quickly tRNA genes can mutate to meet novel translational demands, how tRNAs speed up genome evolution, and how tRNA genes can be sites of genomic instability. We highlight recent works showing that loss of tRNA decoding fidelity and small alterations in tRNA expression have unexpected and profound impacts on genome stability. By dissecting these recent evidence, we hope to lay the groundwork that prompts future investigations on the mechanistic interplay between tRNAs and genome modification that likely triggers genome evolution.
转运RNA（tRNA）因其在将线性mRNA信息解码为蛋白质氨基酸序列中的作用而广为人知。它们也是翻译过程中的多功能平台，并且在翻译之外还具有其他作用，包括感知氨基酸丰度、与一般应激反应机制相互作用以及调节细胞适应、存活和死亡。在这篇小型综述中，我们重点关注tRNA基因在酵母基因组结构的组织和修饰中的新作用，以及tRNA表达错误和译码错误在基因组稳定性、进化和适应中的作用。我们讨论已发表的研究工作，这些工作展示了tRNA基因如何快速突变以满足新的翻译需求、tRNA如何加速基因组进化，以及tRNA基因如何成为基因组不稳定的位点。我们强调最近的研究工作表明，tRNA译码保真度的丧失和tRNA表达的微小改变对基因组稳定性具有意想不到的深远影响。通过剖析这些最新证据，我们希望为未来对tRNA与可能触发基因组进化的基因组修饰之间的机制相互作用的研究奠定基础。
