Subramaniam Punitha, Yurgelun-Todd Deborah
Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Diagnostic Neuroimaging Lab, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA.
Curr Addict Rep. 2020 Dec;7(4):475-485. doi: 10.1007/s40429-020-00335-7. Epub 2020 Oct 2.
Marijuana (MJ) is one of the most commonly used drugs among adolescents. Exposure to MJ during adolescence can lead to alterations in brain development, and, subsequently to the behavioral correlates regulated by the affected brain regions. In this review, we discuss findings from preclinical and human studies examining the relationship between adolescent MJ use and the neurobiological and behavioral correlates associated with it.
Current findings indicate that adolescent MJ use is associated with alterations in brain structure and function, especially in regions that express high levels of the cannabinoid 1 receptor such as the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum and limbic regions. These alterations are correlated with changes in affective, cognitive and reward-seeking behavior. Furthermore, evidence suggests that exposure to MJ during adolescence can have long-lasting and pronounced neural and behavioral effects into adulthood.
The wide ranging neural and behavioral correlates associated with MJ use during adolescence highlight the need for further studies to better understand the potential risk factors and/or neurotoxic effects of adolescent MJ use.
大麻是青少年中最常用的毒品之一。青少年时期接触大麻会导致大脑发育改变，进而影响受影响脑区所调节的行为关联。在本综述中，我们讨论临床前研究和人体研究的结果，这些研究探讨了青少年使用大麻与相关神经生物学及行为关联之间的关系。
目前的研究结果表明，青少年使用大麻与大脑结构和功能的改变有关，特别是在表达高水平大麻素1受体的区域，如前额叶皮质、海马体、小脑和边缘区域。这些改变与情感、认知和寻求奖励行为的变化相关。此外，有证据表明，青少年时期接触大麻会对成年期产生持久而显著的神经和行为影响。
青少年使用大麻所涉及的广泛神经和行为关联凸显了进一步研究的必要性，以便更好地理解青少年使用大麻的潜在风险因素和/或神经毒性作用。
