a Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Core, McLean Imaging Center , McLean Hospital , Belmont , MA , USA.
b Department of Psychiatry , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.
Int Rev Psychiatry. 2018 Jun;30(3):251-267. doi: 10.1080/09540261.2018.1460334. Epub 2018 Jul 3.
The neurobiologic effects of cannabis, commonly referred to as 'marijuana' (MJ), have been studied for decades. The impact of recreational MJ use on cognition and measures of brain function and structure is outlined, and variables influencing study results are discussed, including age of the consumer, patterns of MJ use, variations in MJ potency, and the presence of additional cannabinoids. Although evidence suggests that chronic, heavy recreational MJ use is related to cognitive decrements and neural changes, particularly when use begins in adolescence, findings from studies of recreational MJ users may not be applicable to medical marijuana (MMJ) patients given differences in demographic variables, product selection, and reasons for use. Although additional research is needed to fully understand the impact of MJ and individual cannabinoids on the brain, current findings are beginning to inform public policy, including considerations for age limits, potential limits for some cannabinoids, and guidelines for use. However, barriers continue to impede researchers' ability to conduct studies that will guide policy change and provide vital information to consumers and patients regarding best practices and safest methods for use. The need for information is critical, as legalization of MJ for medical and recreational use is increasingly widespread.
大麻的神经生物学效应通常被称为“大麻”（MJ），已经研究了几十年。本文概述了娱乐性 MJ 使用对认知以及大脑功能和结构测量的影响，并讨论了影响研究结果的变量，包括消费者的年龄、MJ 使用模式、MJ 效力的变化以及其他大麻素的存在。尽管有证据表明，慢性、大量吸食娱乐性大麻与认知能力下降和神经变化有关，尤其是当使用开始于青少年时期时，但由于人口统计学变量、产品选择和使用原因的差异，来自娱乐性大麻使用者的研究结果可能不适用于医用大麻（MMJ）患者。尽管需要进一步研究才能充分了解大麻和单个大麻素对大脑的影响，但目前的研究结果开始为公共政策提供信息，包括考虑年龄限制、某些大麻素的潜在限制以及使用指南。然而，障碍继续阻碍研究人员进行研究的能力，这些研究将指导政策的改变，并为消费者和患者提供关于最佳实践和最安全使用方法的重要信息。由于医用和娱乐用大麻合法化的范围越来越广，因此信息的需求至关重要。
